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SOCOM
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Hong Kong
722 Posts

Posted - 08/21/2006 :  16:34:33  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send SOCOM a Private Message
War and Power in the 21st Century
Paul Hirst
Polity

¤@ª½¥H¨Ó¡A³£¦³¤H»{¬°¬ì§Þªººt¶i¡A±N·|§ïÅܤHÃþªÀ·|ªº²Õ´¡C­x¶¤¬O¤@ºØ²Õ´¡A¨ä©ÒªAÄݪº°ê®a(state)¤]¬O¡C¹ï©ó¬ì§Þºt¶i¹ï­x¨Æ¬¡°Êªº¼vÅT¡A¸g±`¨ü¨ìª§Ä³¡C¨ä¤¤¦³¤@¨ÇÆ[ÂI»{¬°¡A¡u°ê®a¡v©M¡u­x¶¤¡v¬O¬ì§Þºt¶i¤Uªº²£ª«¡C¦b¥¼¨Ó¡A³o¨Ç²Õ´±N·|³Q²^¨O¡C§@ªÌHirstªº½×ÂI¬O¡A°ê®a¤´µM·|¾á·í¬Fªv¬¡°Ê¤¤ªº¥D­n¨¤¦â¡A¦P®É¥ç·|­±Á{»P¹L¥hºIµM¤£¦PªºÀô¹Ò¡C

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¦³Ãö­x¨Æ­²©R(Military Revolution)ªº½×¾Ô¶}©l©ó1956¦~¡C·í®É¡AMichael Roberts¥Xª©¤FThe Military Revolution1560-1660¤@®Ñ¡CHirsty»{¬°¡A­x¨Æ­²©Rªº¥X²{¡A¤ñRoberts©Ò»¡ªº1560¦~ÁÙ­n¦­¡A¦Ó§Î¦¨­x¨Æ­²©Rªº°Ê¤O«h¬O¬ì§Þ¡C

1494¦~¡Aªk°ê°ê¤ýCharles VIII¥X§L¤J«I·N¤j§Q¡C·í®É¡A¥¿¬Oªk°ê»P¦è¯Z¤ú---«¢¥¬´µ³ù(Spanish-Habsburg)«Ò°êª§ÅQ¼Ú¬wªº®É´Á¡Cªk°ê¤H¹B¥Î«C»É¬¶(bronze cannon)¡A»´©ö¦aÀ»·´·N¤j§Q·í¦aªº«°³ù©M«°Àð¡Cªk°ê¤H¦æ°Ê¶¶§Q¡A¨Ã©ó¤@¦~¤º¶i­x¦Ü®³©Y¨½(Naples)¡C³o¦b·í®Éªº¤@¦ì¬Fªv¤Hª«Francesco Guiccardini²´¤¤¡A¬J¬O·N¤j§Q¬F§½ªº¤jÅÜ°Ê¡A¤]¬O¾Ôª§§Î¦¡ªº­²©R¡C

·íµM¡A¤j¬¶¤£¬O¤°»ò·s©_ªºªF¦è¡C¦­¦b1453¦~¡A¤g¦Õ¨ä¤H(Turks)´N¤w¸g¥Î¹L¤j¬¶¨Ó§ðÀ»§g¤h©Z¤B³ù(Constantinople)ªº«°Àð¡C¤]¦b¦P¤@¦~¡A­^°ê¤H¦bªk°êªº°}¦a¡A¥ç¦]¬°¨ü¬¶À»¦Ó§¹¥þ³Q·´¡CÃþ¦üªº¨Æ¨Ò³£Åã¥Ü¡A§ðÀ»ªº¤@¤è±N·|¤ñ¨¾¿mªº¤@¤è¦³§Q¡C

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¤£¹L¡A¤õÃĨ强R·´«Ê«Ø¨î«×¡C¤ñ°_«q¶Ã¹ÎÅé¡A¬F©²³q±`³£§ó¯àÃbÂ_¶°ÅéªZ¤O¡C¨Ò¦pªk°ê¬F©²¦b1628¦~À»±Ñ¤FHuguenots¡A¤S¦b1653¦~À»±ÑFronde¡C

¦³¤@ÂI¬Û·í­«­nªº¬O¡A¼Ú¬w¦h°ê¦b1648¦~¡Añ¸p¤F«Â´µµo¨½¨È(Westphalia)±ø¬ù¡C¸Ó¬ù©w¥ß¤F²{¥N¥DÅv°ê®a(sovereignty state)ªº¨î«×¡A¥ç§Y¦U­Ó°ê®a¦b¨ä»â¤g½d³ò¤º¡A¦æ¨Ï³Ì°ªÅv¤O¡C¦U°ê¤£©Ó»{¥ô¦ó§ó°ªÅv«Â¡A°ê®aªº¦s¦b¤]µL»Ý¥H¥ô¦ó·NÃѧκA(¦p©v±Ð)¨Ó¤ä¼µ¨ä¦Xªk©Ê¡C³oºØ¨î«×¤§©Ò¥H¥X²{¡A«Ü¤jµ{«×´N¬O¦]¬°¤õÃÄ©M«°³ù§Þ³N¡A¨Ï¦U°ê¬F©²±o¥H¦³®Ä¨¾¿m©Mºû«ù¨ä¿W¥ß©Ê¤§¬G¡C

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18¥@¬öªºÅܤƦ³´X¤è­±¡C­º¥ý¬O°]¬F¡A²üÄõ©M­^°êµo®i¥X¤@¨Çinstitutional conditions¡A¥H³z¹L©³®§§Q²v¨Ó³B²z¾Ôª§ªº°]¬F¨ª¦r¡C§ë¸êªÌ¥i¥H©ñ¤ß¦a­É¿úµ¹­^®æÄõ»È¦æ(Bank of England)¡A¦Ó­^°ê¬F©²«h¦]¦¹¦Ó±o¨ì¤j¶q¾Ôª§¸g¶O(¸Ô±¡¥t½Ð°ª©ú)¡C²Ä¤G¡A¼Ú¬w¦h°ê¶}©l½s²Õ¤½°È­ûÅé¨î¡A¶±¥Î¤@§å¾­û±Mªù³B²z¦æ¬F·~°Èªº¤H­û¡C³o¨Ï¬F©²±o¥H¦¨¥ß±`³]ªº³°­x©M®ü­x³¡ªù¡C²Ä¤T¡A¹A²£¶q¦b18¥@¬öí¨B´£¤É¡C²Ä¥|¡A¹D¸ô¹B¿éªºµo¹F¡C

¦b¤W­z¦]¯À¤§¤U¡AºtÅܺ¥º¥¦a¶i¦æµÛ¡C¨ì¤F1772¦~¡Aªk°ê¤H¦Nº¸§B¯S(JacquesComte de Guibert)®Æ¹w¨ì¡A¥¼¨Ó±N·|¥X²{¥Ñ¤½¥Á²Õ¦¨ªº¤j³W¼Ò­x¶¤¡C

1793¦~¡Aªk°ê­²©R¬F©²¨Ï¹w¨¥¦¨¯u¡A¼x¥l¦~»´¨k©Ê§@¾Ô¡B°ü¤k©M¤p«Ä·ÓÅU¶Ë§L¡B¦Ñ¤H¶i¦æ¬Fªv«Å¶Ç¡C«á¨Ó¡A®³¯}±[¥R¥÷¹B¥Î³oºØ²Õ´¡C¥L°Ê­û¤j¶q§L¤O(levee en masse)¡AµM«á±N¤§¤À²Õ¦¨¦h­ÓÁa¶¤(column)¡C¨C­ÓÁa¶¤¬ù30000¤H¡A¨ã¦³¿W¥ß¾Ô°«ªº¯à¤O¡CÁa¶¤±N¦b¹D¸ôºô¤W¦æ¶i¡A¥H¥[§Ö²¾°Ê³t«×©M³Ì¤j­­«×¦a±µ¦¬¸Éµ¹¡C³o¨Ç±¹¬Iªº¥Øªº¬O¡A´£°ª¦æ­x³t«×¡A¥HºÉ§Ö·m¦û¦³§Qªº¦a²z¦ì¸m¡AµM«á¦A±q¸Ó³B§ðÀ»¡C§ðÀ»ªº¥Øªº«h¬OºÉ¥i¯àÄè·À§ó¦hªº¼Ä­x¡C¥H¥[§Ö¤@©wªº¤Î§ä´M¼Ä­x³¡¶¤ªº¥D¤O¡A¦A¶i¦æÄè·À¡C

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(to be continued... )

SOCOM
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Hong Kong
722 Posts

Posted - 08/22/2006 :  16:31:29  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send SOCOM a Private Message

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27929 Posts

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SOCOM
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Hong Kong
722 Posts

Posted - 08/23/2006 :  23:45:54  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send SOCOM a Private Message

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SOCOM
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Hong Kong
722 Posts

Posted - 08/31/2006 :  21:36:39  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send SOCOM a Private Message

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²Ä¤@¦¸¥@¬É¤j¾Ô²×¤î¤FClausewitz¡XCobden®É¥N¡C¦U°ê±Ä¥ÎÁ`Åé¾Ôª§(total war)ªº·§©À¡A±N¬F©²ªºÅv­­ÂX±i¨ì·¥­P¡G¹B¥Î¦UºØ³W©w¨Ó±±¨î¹ï¥~¶T©ö¡B±±¨î¯è¹B¡B¤£¦A§I´«¥~¹ô¡B¦V¼Ä°ê¶i¦æ¸gÀÙ¾Ô(economic warfare)µ¥µ¥¡C

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ÁaµM¬ü°ê°ê·|¨Ã¤£§å­ã¬ü°ê¥[¤J°ê»ÚÁp·ù¡A¦ý³o¤@¨t¦C¾Ô«áªº±¹¬I¤´µM¬O¦³¼vÅT¤Oªº¡C¤Zº¸Áɱø¬ù¸Ì¡A¥ç©Ó»{·s¦¨¥ßªº°ê®aªº¤H¥Á¡A¬O¦P¼Ë¨ã¦³¤HÅvªº¡C¦P®É¡A¤]ªí¥ÜÂàÅý¡B³ÎÅý´Þ¥Á¦aªº®É­Ô¡AÀ³¸Ó´L­«´Þ¥Á¦a¤H¥Áªº·NÄ@¡C

°£¤F¦w¥þ¨Æ°È¤§¥~¡A¾Ô³Ó°ê¥ç¹Á¸Õ¹L±N¥@¬É¸gÀÙ¯´§Ç±a¦^¾Ô«eªºª÷¥»¦ì¡B¦Û¥Ñ¶T©ö®É¥N¡C¤£¹L¡A³o¨Ç§V¤OÀHµÛ1929¦~ªº¸gÀÙ¤j¿½±ø¦Ó«Å§i¥¢±Ñ¡C©ó¬O¡A¦U°ê­«·s±Ä¥Î«OÅ@¥D¸q¡B¤£¦A§I´«¥~¹ô¡C¤í¯Ê­ì®Æªº¼w°ê¡B¤é¥»©M·N¤j§Q¡A´N¶}©l·Q­n¥H¬FªvÅv¤O¨Ó±±¨î­ì®Æ²£¦a¡C¥t¤@¤è­±¡Aªk¦è´µ¥D¸q(fascism)¡B¦@²£¥D¸q(communism)©M¦Û¥Ñ¥D¸q(liberalism)¡A´N¦b³oºØ§Î¶Õ¤Uº¥º¥Åã±o¾ÀÂS¤À©ú¡C

¨ì¤F²Ä¤G¦¸¥@¬É¤j¾Ô¡A¦U°êªº¦æ°Ê¬ð¯}¤F§J³Ò¶ëºû¯÷´£¥Xªº­­¨î¡C¾Ôª§¤w¸g¤£¦A¬O¦³­­¾Ôª§¡B¾Ôª§ªº¥Ø¼Ð¬O±N¼Ä¤H§¹¥þ®ø·À¨Ã­n¨D¼Ä°êµL±ø¥ó§ë­°(unconditional surrender)¡C

¾Ô«á¡A¦Û¥Ñ¥D¸q©M¦@²£¥D¸q±N¥@¬É¤@¤À¬°¤G¡C¨â­Ó°}À窺¤º³¡¡A³£¥H¬Fªv©M¼É¤O¤â¬q¡B¥Õ¦â®£©Æµ¥¨Ó²M°£·NÃѧκA¬Û¥ªªº²§¤v¡C¬ü°ê¦³³Á¥d¿ü¥D¸q(McCarthyism)¡AĬÁpªº¯µ±Kĵ¹î´N§ó¬O¦³¦W¡C

¬üĬ¤§¶¡´N¦]¬°­ì¤l¼u/®Ö¤l¼uªº¤¬¬ÛÀ~ªý¡A¬G±q¨Ó¤£´¿ª½±µ¥æ¾Ô¡A¦Ó¬O³z¹L¨ü¨ä±±¨îªº³ÈÀw°ê¶i¦æ¡u¥N²z¤H¾Ôª§¡v(proxy war)¡A©Î³Ì¦h¬O¥X§L§ð¥´¹ï¤èªº³ÈÀw°ê¡C¸gÀÙ¤â¬q¤è­±¡A«h¬O¹B¥Î¸gÀ٫س]¡BºÖ§Qµ¥±¹¬I¨Ó§l¤Þ§ó¦h°ê®aªº¤H¥Áªº¥Á¤ß¡C




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SOCOM
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Hong Kong
722 Posts

Posted - 08/31/2006 :  21:59:08  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send SOCOM a Private Message
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·V¡D¤¤³¥
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27929 Posts

Posted - 08/31/2006 :  22:30:52  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send ·V¡D¤¤³¥ a Private Message
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dasha
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41804 Posts

Posted - 09/01/2006 :  07:51:06  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send dasha a Private Message
Cobden¬O½Ö¤p§Ì¤£ª¾¹D,¦ý¥L¹ï§J³Ò¶ëºû¯÷ªº²z¸ÑÅãµM§¹¥þ¬O¿ùªº,¬Æ¦Ü¬O­è¦n»¡¤Ï¤F,¦Ó¥B¤]»P¾Ôª§½×²Ä¤Gª©(³Q¤p¸¤¤l¤j´T«§ï«áªºª©¥»)©Î¤j³°/¥xÆWªº¦UºØ½Ķª©¤º²[³£¤£¦P,¦Ó¥B¤p§Ì¬Û«H»{¯u¬Ý§¹¤@¦¸¾Ôª§½×ªº¦¨¦~µVµV¤]¤£·|»{¦P³o¦ì§@ªÌÃö©ó§J³Ò¶ëºû¯÷ªºµû½×,§ó¤£¥Î»¡¬O¤HÃþ.©Ò¥H°ò¥»¤W¥LÀ³¸Ó¬O¨S¬Ý¹L¾Ôª§½×,¥u¬O³o¼Ë±a¹L¥h¦Ó¤w.
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SOCOM
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Hong Kong
722 Posts

Posted - 09/01/2006 :  20:14:03  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send SOCOM a Private Message

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²Ä¤G­Ó­ì¦]¬O¡A¾Ô«á­^¬ü±Ä¥Î¤F³Í¦]´µ¥D¸q(Keynesianism)¡C­^¬ü±q§»Æ[¸gÀÙ¡B°ê®a¼h¦¸ªº¨¤«×¡A«Ø¥ß¥¬µÜ¹y´ËªL(Bretton Woods)Åé¨t¡C¦¹Åé¨t¤U¡A¬ü°ê©Ó¿Õ¬ü¤¸¥iÀH®É§I´«¶Àª÷¡A¦P®É¬ü¤¸¹ï¦U°ê³f¹ô§I´«»ù«O«ùí©w¡C¦¹¥~¡A¦¨¥ß°ê»Ú³f¹ô°òª÷(International Monetary Fund)¡A³z¹L­É¶Uµ¥¤è¦¡³B²z¦¬¤ä¥­¿Å(balance of payments)¤Wªº¦M¾÷¡A¥Hºû«ù¦U°êªº¶T©ö¬¡°Ê¡C

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SOCOM
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Hong Kong
722 Posts

Posted - 09/03/2006 :  19:52:53  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send SOCOM a Private Message
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¤£¹L¡Aµô´î¤´µM¦³¤@©w­­«×¡C®ÖªZ¤è­±¡A«Xù´µºû«ùµÛ®Ö¤lÀ~ªý¯à¤O¡A³o¨Ï¦è¤è¤£´±¤z¹w¹ï¨ä¨Ó»¡¸û¬°­«¤jªº¨Æ°È¡A¨Ò¦p°ª¥[¯Á(Caucasus)¦a°Ï¡C®ÖªZ¥ç¯àÀ~ªý¤¤°ê¡A¥H¤Î±N¨Ó¥i¯à«ù¦³®ÖªZªº¦^±Ð¶Õ¤O¡C±`³WªZ¤O¤è­±¡A¼Æ¶qÁö³Qµô´î¡A¦ý¤]´Â¦V½èºë¶q¤Öªº¤è¦VÂ૬¤¤¡C

²{¦bªº«Xù´µ¡A¤£·|¹³¸­§Q´Ü(Yeltsin)®É¥N¨º¼Ë¶¶±q¦è¤è¡C¦ý¸ò§N¾Ô®É¥N¤ñ¡A¥¦ªº¹ï¥~¤z¹w¤´µM·|¦³©Ò¡u¦¬íK¡v¡A¦³®É­Ô¥ç·|¥H¶¶±qªººA«×¨Ó¥æ´«¦è¤è°ê®aªº¤ä«ù¡C«Xù´µ¤£·|¦A¨ì³B´©§U¤Ï¬ü¤H¤h¡A¦ý·|¤ä«ù¿Ë«X¶Õ¤O¡A¨Ò¦p¶ëº¸ºû¨È(Serbia)¡C

¦è¼Ú°ê®a¤è­±¡A¥¦­Ì¤£·|«Ø¥ß¤@­ÓÁp¨¹©Ê½èªº¨¾½Ã­x¡A¥u·|²Õ´Áp¦Xªº³¡¶¤¨Ó°õ¦æ¼Ú·ùªº¦@¦P(common)¥~¥æ¬Fµ¦¡C¦è¼Ú°ê®a¤´µM·|Ä~Äò»P¬ü°êÁp·ù¡C

§N¾Ôµ²§ô¨Ï¬ü«X¨â°ê¤£»Ý­n¦A¨ì³B§ß´Ó³ÈÀw¶Õ¤O¡A³o¨Ï«Ü¦h°ê®a¡A¤£¦A¨ü¬üĬ±±¨î¡C¤£¦P°ê®a¡B¬FÅv¡BºØ±Ú¡BªÀ·|¶¥¯Å¤§¶¡¡A¹ï§Ü¤éÁÍ¿E¯P¡C¯Á°¨¨½(Somalia)¡B·à¤l¤s(Sierra Leone)¡B­èªG¥Á¥D¦@©M°ê(Democratic Republic of the Congo)³´¤J¤º¾Ô¡A²Î¤@ªº°ê®a¥»¨­¤w¸g¤£¦A¦s¦b¡C¦L«×»P¤Ú°ò´µ©Z¡B¥H¦â¦C»Pªü©Ô§B¡B¥ì®Ô»P¥ì©Ô§J¡B­^°ê»Pªü®Ú§Ê¤§¶¡¡A¤´µM¦s¦bµÛ¤£¦Pµ{«×ªºªÈ¯É¡A³o¨ÇªÈ¯É¤´µM·|Ä~Äò¦s¦b¡C

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¤H¹D¤z¹w(humanitarian intervention)¦æ°Ê¦ü¥G¦¨¬°¤F·s§Î¦¡ªº¾Ôª§¡CÃö©ó³o¤è­±¡AMary Kaldor»PMichael Ignatieffµû½×»á¬°¦³¦W¡CMary Kaldor»{¬°¤H¹D¤z¹w¦æ°Ê¾É¦]©ó¤TºØ¦]¯À¡G²Ä¤@¡A¬Fªv¤Hª«§Q¥ÎºØ±Ú¤³«ë¡BºØ±Ú¤§¶¡ªº¤¬¬Û®£Äß¡A¨Ó¾d©T¦Û¤vªº»â¾É¦a¦ì¡F²Ä¤G¡AªZ¤O¤£¦A¶°¤¤¦b¬F©²¤â¤W¡A¦Ó¤À´²¨ì¥Á§L¡B¸o¥Çµ¥²Õ´¤¤¡A§Î¦¨¤Àµõ©M²V¶Ã¡F²Ä¤T¡A¸gÀÙ¥¢±Ñªº°ê®a¡A»â¾É¼h±N³z¹L¥X°â­ì®Æ¨Óºû«ù¦a¦ì¡C

¥H³o¤TºØ¦]¯À¨Ó¸ÑÄÀ¤H¹D¤z¹wªº¦¨¦]¡A¦ü¥G¨Ã¤£§¹µ½¡CKaldorÁöµM±j½ÕºØ±Ú¤³«ë»P¹L©¹°l¨D¿W¥ß¦Û¥Dªº¥Á±Ú¥D¸q¤£¦P¡A¦ý¨âªÌ¨ä¹ê«ÜÃø°Ï¤À¡C¦P®É¡A¹L¥h¤]¥X²{¹LºØ±Ú­¢®`ªº¨Ò¤l¡C¨Ò¦p§Æ¤g¾Ôª§(Greek-Turkish War, 1921-1922)´Á¶¡¡AÂù¤è³£´¿¸g¥H¼É¤O¨ÓÅX³v²§±Ú¡C

¦P®É¤@ª½¥H¨Ó¡A¦³«Ü¦h¥Á±Ú¥D¸q¹B°Ê³£¬O¥Ñ¥Á§L¡B¤g­êµ¥µo°_ªº¡C¦A¥H§Æ¤g¾Ôª§¬°¨Ò¡Aª§¨ú¿W¥ßªº§Æþ¡A´N¬O¥Ñªüº¸¤Ú¥§¨È¤g­ê»â¾É¡A¤g¦Õ¨ä¤è­±¤]¬O¥H«D¥¿³W³¡¶¤¬°¦h¡C

¦¹¥~¡Aªñ¦~©Ò¨£ªº¤Úº¸·F¥b®q¡B¦w­ô©Ô¡B¯Á°¨¨½¡Bªü´I¦½¡A±¡ªp¤]¬Û·íÃþ¦ü¡C¦³ºØ±Ú¤³«ë¡A¾Ôª§¥Ñ«D¥¿³W³¡¶¤©Ò¥´¡A§N¾Ô«e«á³£¬O¦p¦¹¡C

¨ä¹êMary KaldorÁ¿³o¨Çªº¥Øªº¡A¬O·Q­n¥D±i¤@ºØ¥ª¬£¦¡ªº¡u¦n¤H¡v¹ï¡uÃa¤H¡vªº»ù­È¡C¨Ò¦p¹ïªi´µ¥§¨È¡A¦o»{¬°¥æ¾Ô¦U¤è©Ò¨ã¦³ªº¥¿·í©Ê®Ú¥»¤£¦P¡A¬G¤z¹wªº®É­Ô¤£À³¸Ó¥u¬O¤@µø¦P¤¯¦a±N¤§¤À¹j¡C

µL½×¦p¦ó¡A¦è¤è°ê®a¦b¥i¨£ªº¥¼¨Ó¡A¤´µM¤£±o¤£¥X§L¶i¦æÃþ¦üªº¤z¹w¡C·íµM¡A¤z¹wªi´µ¥§¨È¡B¬ì¯Á¨Uµ¥¬O¤@¦^¨Æ¡A¦ý¨ì©³­n°µ¨ì¤°»òµ{«×¡HÃø¹D­n¬°¤F¨®¦Ú¦Ó±o¸o«Xù´µ¡B¬°¦èÂæӱo¸o¤¤°ê¡H
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SOCOM
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Hong Kong
722 Posts

Posted - 09/05/2006 :  20:55:04  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send SOCOM a Private Message

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²{¦b±NµJÂI²¾¨ì¬ì§Þ°ÝÃD¤W¡Cªñ¦~¨Ó¡A¨ì³B³£¦³¤HÁ¿­x¨Æ¨Æ°È­²©R(Revolution in Military Affairs)¡C¥H¬ü°ê¨Ó»¡¡A°ê¨¾³¡¤w¸g±Ä¥Î¤F³o­Ó·§©À¡C´£­Òªº¾ÇªÌ»{¬°¡A­x¨Æ¨Æ°È­²©RÀ³±q«ü´§¡BºÞ¨î¡B³q°T¡B±¡³øÅé¨tµÛ¤â¡A¥H®ø°£¾Ôª§¤§Ãú¡B¨Ï°ª¯Å«ü´§©x¯àÀH®É±oª¾«e½u¾Ôªp¡B¨Ï§C¯Å«ü´§©x¯à½Õ°Ê§ó¦hªº¤õ¤O¡C­n°µ¨ì³oÂI¡A´N­n¨Ï²Õ´Åܱo«ó¥­(flat)¡A¥H¤Î§â³¡¶¤¾ã¦X(integrate)¡C²{®Éªº­x¶¤¡A¨Ã¤£²Å¦X³o¨Ç­n¨D¡C

Martin Libicki±N­x¨Æ¨Æ°È­²©R¤À°µ¤T­Ó¶¥¬q¡GPop-up Warfare¡BMesh¡BFire-Ant Warfare¡C

Pop-up Warfare¥D­n¨Ì¾aí§Î(stealth)§Þ³N¤Î·P´úsensor)§Þ³N¡A¦bºÉ¥i¯à´î¤Ö¼ÉÅSªº±¡ªp¤U¥Hºë½T¨î¾ÉªZ¾¹§ðÀ»¡C²{¦bªº¬ü­x´N¥¿³B©ó³o­Ó¶¥¬q¡C

Mesh¬O±N¸ê°T·j¶°©M¸ê°T³B²z(process)§Þ³N¾ã¦X¤@°_¡A¥H²Õ¦¨¤@­Ó¯à°÷ÃѧO¼Ä­x¤Î«ü´§ºë½T¨î¾ÉªZ¾¹ªººôµ¸¡C

¦bFire-Ant Warfare¤¤¡A·P´ú¨t²Î©MªZ¾¹±N²V¦X(fused)°_¨Ó¡C¦¹®É¡A§ðÀ»ªº¼uÃÄ¥»¨­¡A±N·|¦¨¬°¾ã­Ó¸ê°T·j¶°ºôµ¸ªº¤@³¡¥÷¡C¦Ü©ó¸ü¥x¬O¤°»ò¡A¥u¬O¦¸­n°ÝÃD¡C

¦pªG­x¨Æ¨Æ°È­²©R«ö·Ó¥H¤W§Î¦¡¨Ó¶i¦æªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò¡A³o³õ­²©R¬O«ÜÃø®i¶}ªº¡C¬ü­x²{®Éªº³¡¶¤¬O¥H¸ü¥x¬°¤¤¤ß¡A³o¦b¤W­zÆ[ÂI¬Ý¨Ó³£¬O¹L®Éªº¡C­n§â¤@¤Á§ïÅÜ¡A¦Ü¤Ö»Ý­n30¦~®É¶¡¡C¦Ó¦b³o¬q®É¶¡¤§«á¡A·s¤@½üªº­²©R¤S·|µo¥Í¡C¨ì®É­Ô¯Ç¦Ì§Þ³N(nanotechnology)¡B¨ã¤@©w¿W¥ß§PÂ_¯à¤Oªº¾÷±ñ¤H¡B»»±±ªZ¾¹¥i¯à·|³Q¤j¶q¨Ï¥Î¡C³Ì«á¡A¬ü°êªº§Þ³NÀu¶Õ¥i¯àµLªk¦Aªø´Á½T«O¡C

¾Ôª§ªº¦¨¦]

¦b¥i¨£ªº¥¼¨Ó¡A¦è¤è°ê®a¥u·|¶i¦æ¤H¹D¤z¹w¡B©Î¨ä¥L³Q°ê»Ú¶¡©Ó»{¬O¦Xªkªº­x¨Æ¦æ°Ê¡C¥H¦è¤è¨Ó»¡¡A¥¦­Ìªº³¡¶¤¥¿¤í¯Êºû©M¤Î¤H¹D¤z¹wªº°V½m»P¸Ë³Æ¡C¤p°ê¤è­±¡AÁöµM¥¦­Ì¤£´±»P¦è¤è°ê®a¥¿­±¹ï§Ü¡A¦ýÁÙ¬O·|¦³«Ü¦h¹B¥ÎªZ¤Oªº¾÷·|¡C¦¹¥~¡AÁÙ¥X²{¤F«Ü¦h·sªº«Â¯Ù¡A¨Ò¦p®£©Æ²Õ´©M¥Á§L¡C¨ä¤¤®£©Æ¥÷¤l¡A±N·|¥O¦Û¥Ñ°ê®aªº¬F©²¦b¬I¬F¤W¡A«ÜÃøºû«ù¸û¤pªº­­«×¡C

¤j³W¼Ò·´·ÀªZ¾¹±N·|¤@ª½ÂX´²¡C¦³¤H»{¬°¡A³o¤£·|¦³¤Ó¤j°ÝÃD¡A¦]¬°³o¥u·|¨Ï­Ó§O°Ï°ì¡A¥X²{Ãþ¦ü§N¾Ôªº®£©Æ¥­¿Å¡C¤£¹L¦L«×©M¤Ú°ò´µ©Z®£©È¤£¬O¨º»ò¤@¦^¨Æ¡CºÞ²z¥¢±Ñ¡B²Îªv°ò¦¤£Ã­ªº¤Ú°ò´µ©Z¬F©²¡A¦³¥i¯à·|¾|²õ¦a§Q¥Î§J¤°¦Ìº¸(Kashmir)½Ä¬ð¨Ó¥[±j°ê¤º±±¨î¡C®£©Æ¥÷¤l¤]¦³¥i¯à±o¨ì¤j³W¼Ò·´·ÀªZ¾¹¡A¨Ã¥B®³¨ÓŧÀ»¥Î¡C¤@¨Ç°ê®a¡A¥i¯à·|¹³19¥@¬ö¹ï¥I®üµs¯ëÁp¦X°_¨Ó¡A¹ï¥I®£©Æ¥÷¤l¡C¦ý´N¥¿¦p¹ï¥I®üµs¤@¼Ë¡A¥´À»®£©Æ¥÷¤l¤£®e©ö¦¨¥\¡C

¥¼¨ÓÁÙ·|¦³«Ü¦h¤p³W¼Òªº¾Ôª§¡A¦ý³o¤£·|¦³¥þ²y©Ê¼vÅT¡A¦è¤è°ê®a¤]¤£¤@©w¤¶¤J¡C

¦¹¥~¡A¥þ²y·x¤Æ¥i¯à¨Ï¥@¬É¦U°ê¬°ª§¹Ü¤ô·½¡B¯Ñ¦a¡B¯à·½¡A¦Óµo¥Í¾Ôª§¡C¤¤°ê¤è­±¡A¦pªG¥¦µLªkÂ૬¦¨±µ¨ü¦è¤è¬Fªv»ù­Èªº°ê®a¡A«h¥i¯à·|¹ï¦è¤è±a¨Ó­x¨Æ«Â¯Ù¡C
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cchs
¸ô¤H¥Ò¤A¤þ

Taiwan
2212 Posts

Posted - 09/06/2006 :  13:27:19  ·|­û¸ê®Æ  Click to see cchs's MSN Messenger address  Send cchs a Yahoo! Message Send cchs a Private Message
³o¥»®Ñªº¤º®e«Ü²`¡A¬O¨Mµ¦·í§½¦¨­û¸Ó¬Ýªº°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¡C

ÁöµM¡A³\¦h¦a¤è¦ü¥G¦U¦Û±Ô­z¡A¦ý¬O¡A«e«á³¹Áp·Q«á¡A¥i¥H²z¸Ñ§@ªÌªº«äºû»P¤å³¹¼g§@ªº®æ§½¡C
¹êÃÒ¬ì¾Çªº¿³°_©Î³\¥i¥H¦LÃÒ¡AMartin Libicki§â­x¨Æ¨Æ°È­²©R¤À°µ¤T­Ó¶¥¬q¡GPop-up Warfare¡BMesh¡BFire-Ant Warfare¡A¬O§_¬O¥i¥H°õ¦æªº¬Fµ¦»P³W¹º¡H

¦w­ô©Ô¡B¯Á°¨¨½¨È¡Bªi´µ¥§¨È¡B¬ì¯Á¨U¡B¨®¦Ú¡B¦èÂáBªü´I¦½¡B¥ì©Ô§J¡B¾¤¤Ú¹àµ¥¦a°Ï¥¿¦b´£¨Ñ¬ÛÃö©Ò»Ýªº°T®§¡A¥u¬O¡A¦U°ê¤ÀªRªºµ²ªG¦p¦ó¤£±o¦Óª¾¡H

¦Ü©ó¤¤°ê¡]PRC¡^¥¼¨Óªº¬Fªv¨î«×µo®i¬O§_¯à°÷Ãþ¦ü¼Ú¬ü¡H
¨º±o¬Ý¤¤°ê¤H¬O§_»P¼Ú¬ü¤H¾Ö¦³Ãþ¦üªºÅéÅç¡H¤¤°êªº¤H¤f¼Æ¶q»P¤H¤O¯À½è¦³¦ó¹ê»ÚÅܤơH
¦pªG±q­»´ä³o150¦~¡B¥xÆW³o100¦~ªº²{¥N¤Æµo®i¹Lµ{¨Ó¬Ý¡A­^¬ü¬O¤£·|º¡·Nªº¡C

2006/09/06PM13:26/TC420/TW/1F

¾Ôª§»P©M¥­ ¤H©ÊªºÒr·Ò
THE WORLD IS FLAT & TERMINATE EXILE

Edited by - cchs on 09/06/2006 13:29:38
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blackknight
¸ô¤H¥Ò¤A¤þ

4339 Posts

Posted - 09/10/2006 :  05:30:59  ·|­û¸ê®Æ  Click to see blackknight's MSN Messenger address Send blackknight a Private Message
quote:
Originally posted by SOCOM

War and Power in the 21st Century
Paul Hirst
Polity

(to be continued... )


³o¥»®Ñ¦n¹³ÁÙ¨S¬Ý¨ì¤¤¤åª©.........
ÁöµM­^¤å¤]¬O¥i¥H ¦ý¬O³ÌªñÅÜÃi¤F


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ÇÑÇçÇÝÇ»ÇUdzÇæÆãǶÇy³qÆýÇMÇU¤k©ÊÇ©ÇßÇå¤H’nÇN¤£°ÊÇU¢Ü¢÷¡D¢°Çy¸ØÇrÇÂÇèDZȸÇÂǵǻÇéǿDZ


°OªÌ¡G½Ð°ÝÃö©ó©x¤è©Ó»{®õ²ïÄ¥ªø¬O³ÌµÞªº§A¦³¤°»ò¬Ýªk?
µo¨¥¤H¡G«D±`¦n!!³o¬O²Å¦X¥þÅé±K»È¾Ô¶¤¶¤­ûªº³Ì¤j¦@ÃÑ¡A¦³§U©ó³¡¶¤¤h®ðªº´£¤É
©M¤Ï®£¬¡°Êªº¶i¦æ!!Åý§Ú­Ì¤@°_©I¤f¸¹!!¥´­Ë¼É¤OÅK®±¤k¥D¨¤!!®õ²ïÄ¥ªø¬O³ÌµÞªº!!
¤µ¤Ñ¤ß±¡¤£¿ù~~~´N¨ì³o§a!!
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SOCOM
¸ô¤H¥Ò¤A¤þ

Hong Kong
722 Posts

Posted - 09/11/2006 :  00:01:09  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send SOCOM a Private Message
§Ú·Pı¤£¤Ó¹³·|¥X¤¤¤åª©.³o¤£¬OºZ¾P®Ñ,¨£¸Ñ¤S¤£ºâ«Ü¯S§O.

Áö»¡¥Lªº³¹¸`½s±Æ¦³¤@©w¯ßµ¸,¦ý§Ú¹ï³oºØ¼gªk¬Û·í°Q¹½.¶}ÀYÁ¿±o«Ü"¶}©v©ú¸q",¸òµÛ«o¬OªF©Ô¦è§è¡B¸g±`Â÷ÃD.

§Ú²{¦b¦b¬Ýªº²Ä¥|³¹ºâ¬O¤ñ¸û¦³¨t²Î,¥þ®Ñªº­«ÂI¤]¦b³o¸Ì.³o³¹¨ä¹ê¥i¥H·í§@¿W¥ß¤@½g¤å³¹¨Ó¬Ý,«e­±ªºªF¦è°ò¥»¤W³£¥i¥H¤£¬Ý.
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SOCOM
¸ô¤H¥Ò¤A¤þ

Hong Kong
722 Posts

Posted - 09/12/2006 :  19:43:11  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send SOCOM a Private Message

²Ä¥|³¹ °ê»ÚÅé¨tªº¥¼¨Ó

°ê®a¥¿¦b®ø¤`¤¤¡H

¤§«e»¡¹L¡A°ê»ÚÅé¨tªººc¦¨¥»¨Ó¬Û·í½ÆÂø¡Aª½¨ì16¥@¬ö¤~³Q¡u°ê®a¡v(state)³oºØ²Õ´¤ä°t¡C²{¦b¦³«Ü¦h¾ÇªÌ»{¬°¡A¬F©²ªº§Î¦¡©M°ê»ÚÃö«Y¥¿µo¥ÍµÛ­«¤j§ïÅÜ¡A°ê®aªº¦a¦ì±N·|¤éÁͧC¸¨¡C

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²Ä¤@¡A¥Ñ©ó°ê®a¬F©²¤£¦A¤z¹w¥«³õ¡A¨Ï±o¸ó°ê¤½¥q(transnational corporation, TNC)¯à°÷¥R¤Àµo®i¡C³oºØµo®i¤S·|¨Ï¥@¬É¦U¦aªº¸gÀٸ귽¡A¨ü¨ì§ó¦³®Ä²v¦a­«·s¤À°t¡C©ó¬O¡A´N§Î¦¨¤F¦Û¥Ñ¸ê¥»¥D¸qªº¡uµL°ê¬É¥@¬É¡v(Borderless World)¡C¬ÛÃöªº½×ªÌ¦³Kenichi Ohmae¡BDavid Korten¡C

²Ä¤G¡A¡u·s¤¤¥@¬ö¡v(New Middle Age)¡C¦b³oºØ§Î¶Õ¤U¡AÅv¤O±N¤À´²¨ì¤£¦Pªº²Õ´¤¤¡A¨Ò¦p¬F©²¶¡²Õ´(intergovernmental organization, IGO)¡B«D¬F©²²Õ´(non-governmental organization, NGO)¡B¥Ç¸o²Õ´¡BµêÀÀºô¸ô(virtual network)¡B¶±¶Ä§Lµ¥¡C«ù³oºØÆ[ÂIªº¤H¡AºA«×¤@¯ë³£¸û¬°´dÆ[¡A¨Ò¦pAlain Minc©MPhilip Cerny¡C«áªÌ¬Æ¦Ü¥H¡uªø´Á©ÊµL¯´§Ç¡v(durable disorder)¨Ó§Î®e¡C

²Ä¤T¡A¡uºô¸ôªÀ·|¡v(Network Society)¡CManuel Castells»{¬°¡Aºô¸ôªº´¶¹M¡A±N¨Ï¬F©²ªººÞªv¥\¯à¡AºCºC³Q·sªº¤å¤Æ»{¦P¡B·sªºªÀ·|¹B°Ê¨ú¥N¡C

²Ä¥|¡A¡u¥@¬É¤½¥Á¥D¸q¡v(Cosmopolitanism¡A¾Ú»¡cosmopolitan¹ï¤k¥Íªº·Qªk¸ò©Ê¤ß²z¤ÀªR±o¤£¿ù¡A¦³¤HÁÙ­q¤F¤@¦~¨Ó¬ã¨s)¡C¶W°ê®a(supranational)ªººÞªv±Nº¥º¥§Î¦¨¡A°ê®a¬F©²ªº¯à¤O±N³Q³oºØ¥þ²y©Êªº¤O¶q¨ú¥N¡C

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SOCOM
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Hong Kong
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Posted - 09/27/2006 :  21:49:21  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send SOCOM a Private Message

¯uªº¦³¥þ²y¤Æ¶Ü¡H

¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A¥þ²y¤Æ¬O«ü«ùÄò¼Wªøªº°ê»Ú¶T©ö©M°ê»Úª÷¿Ä¬y°Ê¡A±N²£¥Í¥X¤@­Ó¾ãÅ骺¥þ²y¸gÀÙÅé¨t¡A¦Ó³o­ÓÅé¨t±N·|¨Ï¦U°ê¬F©²¥¢¥h«Ü¤j³¡¥÷ªº¹ï¤ººÞªv¯à¤O¡C

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1 ¶T©ö¦bGDP¤¤ªº¤ñ­«¼W¥[¡F

2 ¸ó°ê¤½¥q(Transnational Company, TNC)ªº¹B§@¦aÂI¡AÂಾ¦Ü¤u¸ê¸û§Cªº·s¿³¤u·~°ê®a(Newly Industrial Country)¡C©ó¬O¡A¥X¤f·~©M¶T©ö¦æ·~ªº¥D­n¹B§@¦aÂI¥ç¸òµÛÂಾ¡C

3 ¥Ñ©ó¦U°ê¬F©²ºM°£¹ï°ê¥~ªºª÷¿Ä¬y°Êªº­­¨î¡A¨Ï±o°ê»Úª÷¿Ä¥«³õ³s¦¨¤@Åé¡C³o¨Ï±o«Ü¦h¦æ·~ªº¸êª÷¨Ó·½¥Ñ¥»¦a§ë¸êÂন¥~¨Óª½±µ§ë¸ê(Foreign Direct Investment, FDI)¡C

4 µu´Á©Ê½èªºª÷¿Ä¬y°Ê¡A±N·|¸ó¶V¥þ²y¦aµo¥Í¡C³oÃþª÷¿Ä¬y°Ê¤£¦ý¤ä°tµÛ¸gÀÙ¬¡°Êªº¾ãÅéªí²{¡A¦Ó¥BÁÙ¤£¨ü¦U°ê¬F©²©Î¤¤¥¡»È¦æªº±±¨î¡C

5 ¥Ñ²³¦h¸ó°ê¤½¥q©Ò¦@¦P¥D¾Éªº¥Í²£©M¶T©ö¬¡°Ê¡A¨S¦³©T©wªº°ê§O°ò¦¡A¤]´N¬O»¡¡A³o¨Ç¬¡°Ê¤£·|¥H¥ô¦ó¤@°ê¬°°ò¦a¡C¦P®É¡A³o¨Ç¤½¥q±N¨ü¨ì¥t¤@ºØ¶W¶V°ê®aªº¤O¶q©ÒºÞ²z¡C


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¹ï¥~¶T©ö¦b¦h­Ó¥D­n°ê®aªºGDP¤¤ªº¤ñ¨Ò¤è­±¡A°£¤F¬ü°ê¦³©Ò¼Wªø¤§¥~¡A¨ä¥L°ê®a³£¨S¦³©úÅã¼W´î¡C¬ü°ê1913¦~¬O11.2%¡A¦b1995¦~¬O19%¡F­^°ê©M¤é¥»ªº¤ñ¨Ò´N¦³©Ò´î§C¡C

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Triad¤º³¡ªº°ê»Ú°Ó«~¶T©ö¤]¨Ã¤£¼öµ¸¡C®Ú¾Ú1999¦~WTOªºAnnual Report¡A¦b1998¦~¡A¥_¬ü¿é©¹¦è¼Úªº²£«~¸Ì­±¡A¥u¦û¥_¬ü¦U°êGDPªº2%¡F¹ï¤éªº¿é¥X¤è­±¡A¤]¥u¦û0.7%¡C¦è¼Ú¹ï¥_¬ü¬°2.3%¡A¹ï¤é¥»¬°0.4%¡C¥Ñ¦¹¥i¨£¡A¶T©ö¬¡°Ê¨Ã¤£¨¬¥H¤ä°t²³¥ý¶i°êªº¸gÀÙµo®i¡C

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²Ä¤T¡A¥~¨Óª½±µ§ë¸ê¤@ª½¶°¤¤¦bTriad¤º¡C1991¦Ü1996¦~¶¡¡A¬ù¦û¥þ²y¥~¨Óª½±µ§ë¸êªºÁ`ÃBªº60%¡C¦pªG©M1980-1991¦~¤ñªº75%¤ñ¡A³oªº½T¬O¦³©Ò´î¤Ö¡C¦b90¦~¥N«e¥b¡A«Ü¦h¸êª÷¬y¦V·s¿³ªº¥«³õ¡A¨Ï±oTriad¤ºªº¥~¨Óª½±µ§ë¸ê´î¤Ö¡C¦ý¬O¨ì¤F1997¦~¡A¨È¬wª÷¿Ä­·¼É¤S¨Ï³o­ÓÁͶխËÂà¦^¨Ó¡C

¦A¬Ý¤@¨Ç¼Æ¦r¡A¥i¥H§ó²M·¡³oÂI¡C¦b1994¦~¡A¤é¥»ªº§ë¸ê·í¤¤¡A¥u¦³0.1%¨Ó¦Û¥~¨Óª½±µ§ë¸ê¡C1995¦~¡A¬ü°ê¬O5.9%¡A¼w°ê¬O1.7%¡C




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SOCOM
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Hong Kong
722 Posts

Posted - 10/01/2006 :  15:37:53  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send SOCOM a Private Message

²Ä¥|¡A¦Û1980¦~¥Nªì¶}©l¡Aµu´Áªºª÷¿Ä¬y°Êªº½T¶V¨Ó¶VÀWÁc¡C²{¦bªº°ê»Úª÷¿Ä¬y°Ê¡A¨C¤é¦³1.3­Ótrillion¡C³oºØ²{¶H¡A¹ï¬F©²ªººÞªv¯à¤O³y¦¨¤F¤°»ò¼vÅT¡A¬O«Ü¨üª§Ä³ªº¡C¤£¹L¡A¥i¥H±q¨â­Ó¤è­±¥hÆ[¹î¡C

²Ä¤@¤è­±¡AÁöµM¦U°ê¬F©²¹ïª÷¿Ä¬y°Êªº­­¨î¶V¨Ó¶V¤Ö¡A¦ý³o¨Ã¤£µ¥©ó¬F©²¬I¦æ¤½¦@¬Fµ¦ªº¯à¤O¤£Â_´î®z¡C1995¦~¡A·ç¨å¦³69.4%ªºGDP³Q¥Î©ó¤½¦@¶}¤ä¡A¤é¥»¦³34.9%¡C«Ü¦h¼Ú¬w°ê®aªº¤½À糡ªù¤]®ø¯Ó¤F40-50%ªºGDP¡C¬Û¹ï¦a¡A¥¦­Ì¦b1960¦~¥N¤½¦@¶}¤ä¡A¥u¦ûGDPªº30-35%¡C¥i¨£¡A¬F©²¹ïªÀ·|ªº¤z¹w¬O¶V¨Ó¶V¦h¡A¦Ó«D¶V¨Ó¶V¤Ö¡C

²Ä¤G¤è­±¡A¦³¤H»{¬°¡A°ê»Úª÷¿Ä¥«³õªº¤ÏÂеL±`¡A±N¥O¤@¨Ç°ê®aªº°ê¤º¼ç¦b¦M¾÷¡A¬ðµMÃzµo¥X¨Ó¡C¦³Ãö³oÂI¡A¤j®a¦bª÷¿Ä­·¼É´Á¶¡³£¬Ý¨ì¤F¡Cª÷¿Ä­·¼Éªº°_¦]¬Û·í½ÆÂø¡A¦ý±q¤¤¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¡A·í°ê»Úª÷¿Ä¥«³õ¥X²{¤j«¬ªºÅܰʮɡA§ë¸êªÌ³£»Ý­n·í¦a¬F©²¥H¬Fµ¦¡Bªk«ßµ¥¨Ó«OÅ@¡C¦Ó¬°¤F¦b¹w¨¾³oÃþ¦M¾÷¡A¦U°ê³£»Ý­n¦b¥­®É´N¹ïª÷¿Ä¥«³õ§@¤@©wªº¤z¹w¡C¬G¦¹¡A¬F©²¤£¦ý¨S¦³²H¥Xª÷¿Ä¹B§@¡A¤Ï¦Ó¶V¨Ó¶V¥D°Ê¤¶¤J¡C

²{¦b¡A¦A¨Ó¬Ý²Ä¤­ÂI¡C

ª½¨ì²{¦b¬°¤î¡A¥@¤WÁÙ¨S¦³¦h¤Ö¶¡¡u¯u¥¿¡vªº¡u¸ó°ê¤½¥q¡v(transnational company¡C¤j¦h¼Æªº°ê»Ú¤j¥ø·~³£¬O¡u¦h°êÄy¤½¥q¡v(multinational company, MNC)¡C¦h°êÄy¤½¥q³£¬O¥H¤@­Ó°ê®a§@¬°°ò¦a¡AµM«á¦b®ü¥~³]¥ß¤À¤½¥q¡A¥H¦b¥~¦a¶i¦æ¥Í²£©M¶T©ö¡C

¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¤j¦h¼Æ¦h°êÄy¤½¥qªºÁ`¤½¥q³£¦ì©óTriad¤º¡C¥¦­Ì¦³60-70%ªº²£«~¬O¦bTriad¤º¾P°â¡A70-90%ªº¸ê²£¥ç¦ì©ó¦¹¦a°Ï¤º¡C

¨ä¹ê¦pªG·Q­n¬Ý²£«~¥Í²£ªº¸ó°ê(transnationalization)µ{«×¡A´NÀ³¸Ó¬Ý®ü¥~¤l¤½¥q(subsidiary)ªº²£¥X¨ì©³¦û¦h¤j¤ñ¨Ò¡C¬Û¹ï©óÁ`¤½¥q¦b¥»°ê(home country)ªº¥Í²£¡A¤l¤½¥q¦b¦a¥D°ê(host country)©Ò¶i¦æªº¡u®ü¥~¥Í²£¡v(offshore production¡A©h¥B¶Ã½Ķ)ªº¤ñ¨Ò¡A¥u¦û¥þ²yGDPªº«Ü¤p³¡¥÷¡C¦b1982¦~¬O5.2%¡B1990¦~¬O6.75%¡B1994¦~¬O6%¡A¥i¨£°ê»Ú©Ê¤j¥ø·~¥Í²£»s³yÁÙ¬O¶°¤¤¦bTriad¦a°Ï¤º¡C
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SOCOM
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Hong Kong
722 Posts

Posted - 10/01/2006 :  20:07:17  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send SOCOM a Private Message

·sªº¸gÀÙ»Pºô¸ô¥Á¥D(e-democracy)

³o¸Ìªº¡u·sªº¸gÀÙ¡v¡A¥D­n³£¬O«ü¹q¤l°Ó°È(e-business)¡C§@ªÌ¨Ã¨S¦³ª½±µ«ü¥X¹q¤l°Ó°È±N·|©Î¤£·|¹ï¾Ôª§©M¬Fªv±a¨Ó¦óºØ¼vÅT¡A¬G§Ú­Ó¤H»{¬°³o³¡¥÷¤w¸gÂ÷ÃD¡C

ºô¸ô¥Á¥D¤è­±¡A¥i¥H±q¤Ï¥@¶Tªº¥Ü«Â¥hÆ[¹î¡C¹L¥h¦h¦¸¤Ï¥@¶T¥Ü«Â¸Ì­±¡A¹q¸£ºô¸ô³£µo´§¤F¤@©wªº°Ê­û§@¥Î¡Cµo°_©MÅTÀ³¥Ü«Âµ¥¹B°Êªº¤H¡A¦bºô¸ô¤W©ÛÅó§ó¦h¤H¥[¤J¡C¥Ü«Â¹ÎÅé²Õ¦¨«á¡A´N¨ì¥@¶T·|ij²{³õ¥~§Üij¡C

§Üij¬¡°Ê§l¤Þ¤F¤½²³¥Ø¥ú¡A¨Ï°ÝÃD§óÀ¸¼@¤Æ¡C¦ý¬O¡AµLªkª½±µ¼vÅT¬F©²°ª©xªº¨Mµ¦¹Lµ{¡A¤]¤£¯à¨Ï°õ¦æ¬Fµ¦ªº³¡ªùÅ¥±q¥Ü«Â¹ÎÅ骺«ü¥Ü¡C

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¦P¼Ë¦a¡A§Úı±o³o¬q¤w¸gÂ÷ÃD¤F¡C¤j·N¬O¡A¬ü°êªº´I¤H©M½a¤H¦P¼Ë»Ý­nªÀ·|«O»Ù(social security)©MÂåÀøºÖ§Q¡F¼Ú¬wªºªÀ·|ºÖ§Q¨Ã«D§â´I¤Hªº¿ú¤Àµ¹½a¤H¡A¦Ó¬O¥H¦b¾ªÌ¥æªºµ|¨Ó´©§U¥¢·~ªÌ¡C©Ò¥H¡AªÀ·|ºÖ§QÁÙ¬O·|Ä~Äò¿ì¤U¥h¡C

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¦b³o­Ó¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¡u°ê®a¡v³oºØ²Õ´¬O¥²¶·ªº¡C¬F©²¦b¨ä»â¤g¤º¡AÃbÂ_µÛªZ¤O¡B¨ä¦s¦b¤S³Q´¶¹M»{¬°¦³¥¿·í©Ê¡A¦P®Éªv²zµÛ¾ã­ÓªÀ·|ªº¤é±`¹B§@¡C

¥þ²y¤Æªº¶iµ{±N·|Ä~Äò¡A¥@¬É¦U¦a¤H¥Áªº¸gÀÙ©M«ä·Q¥æ¬y±N·|§ó§Î²`¤Æ¡C¦U°ê¬F©²±N·|¦]¦¹¦Ó±À¥X§ó¦h·sªº±¹¬I¡A¦Ó¤H¥Á¥ç¥²¶·­Ê¾a³o¨Ç±¹¬I¨Ó¶i¦æ¥þ²y¤Æ©Ò±a¨Óªº¬¡°Ê¡C´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A¦U°ê±N·|Ä~ÄòºÞªv¨ä»â¤g¡A¨Ã¦P®É«ö·Ó°ê»Ú¶¡ªº³W½d(norm)¦æ¨Æ¡C

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722 Posts

Posted - 10/01/2006 :  20:16:45  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send SOCOM a Private Message
»¡¯uªº , ³o¥»®Ñ«ÜÄê.

¸Ì­±ªºÆ[ÂI¡Bµ²½×,¦b¨ä¥Lªº®Ñ¤W³£¬Ý±o¨ì,¥i¨£³o¤£§¹¥þ¬O§@ªÌ¿W³Ðªº.

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