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 ÂåÀø¬ÛÃö°Q½×Äæ¦ì (7)
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JonJon
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3585 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  11:55:21  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send JonJon a Private Message
¬ü°ê¦U¬É¥¿¦bµh½|WHOªü......³o¤£·|´N¬O¤¤°êªº¥Øªº§a¡H³ò½Ã±Ï»¯¡H
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zfss
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2266 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  12:26:29  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send zfss a Private Message
quote:
Originally posted by Henschel

quote:
Originally posted by judah1970

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¤£过¬D个¨ë¡A¦b§Ú¬Ý¡A¥L们¤]¬O©M§Ú¤L个¤ë«e说ªZúä¬F©²¤@ý©ªº赌®{¤ß²z罢¤F¡C¦Û¤v°µ个Nash Equilibriumªºªí®æ´Nª¾¹D¤F¡G°µ¤F­ã备¬Ì±¡没来¬O¤p题¤j°µ经济¨ü损¡F°µ¤F­ã备¬Ì±¡来¤F经济¨ü损§ó¤j¡F¤£°µ­ã备¬Ì±¡没来«O证¤F经济稳©w¡A¤£°µ­ã备¬Ì±¡来¤F¡X¡X额¡X¡X¨º´N­ã备编¬G¨Æ¥Ï锅罢¡C

§A¬Ý¡A综¦X¦Ò¶q¡A还¬O¤£°µ­ã备¤ñ较¦n¡C¥u¤£过¦pªG这个§¡¿Å¦¨¥ßªº话¡A¤H©R¡A¦b¥L们ªº¤½¦¡¤¤¥eªº¤ñ¨Ò¡A将¬O¥X¥G寻±`ªº§C¡C

¦Ü¤_©È±o¸o¤¤国©MWHO¡H·N¤j§Q1¤ë30¤é¸T¯è¡]还§â¥x湾¥µ进¥h¤F¡A这个§Ú觉±o­Ë¬O¦³¦w抚¡§¤¤国¡¨ªº¦Ò虑¡^¡A¬ü国2¤ë3¤é¸T¯è¡A§A¦A­«Î`¤@¹M¡A¥L们©È±o¸o谁来þÓ¡H


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ªZº~·í§½ªnÅS¤Ñ¾÷¡G 12¤ë¥÷´N¤w¦V¤¤¥¡³ø§i¬Ì±¡
http://www.rfi.fr/tw/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B/20200212-%E6%AD%A6%E6%BC%A2%E7%95%B6%E5%B1%80%E6%B3%84%E9%9C%B2%E5%A4%A9%E6%A9%9F-12%E6%9C%88%E4%BB%BD%E5%B0%B1%E5%B7%B2%E5%90%91%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85



ªZ汉¥«长¯à决©w«Ê«°¡H¤°¤\°­¯º话¡A¨ä¥L¤£ºâ¡A°_码¥Á¯è©M铁¸ô谁会§v¥Lªº¡C
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Henschel
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3315 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  13:04:58  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send Henschel a Private Message
quote:
Originally posted by zfss


ªZ汉¥«长¯à决©w«Ê«°¡H¤°¤\°­¯º话¡A¨ä¥L¤£ºâ¡A°_码¥Á¯è©M铁¸ô谁会§v¥Lªº¡C


©Ò¥H­n´À²ßªñ¥­¥ÏÁç³Ì§C­­«×¤]­n¥Ï©¹§õ§J±j¨­¤W
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BlueWhaleMoon
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13032 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  13:17:08  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send BlueWhaleMoon a Private Message
quote:
Originally posted by ¤¾¤þ

quote:
Originally posted by BlueWhaleMoon
¬O°Ú¡ASARSªº§Ö¿z¸Õ¯È³oºØ»¡ªk¡A³o¬O§Ú²Ä¤@¦¸Å¥»¡
©Ò¦³ªº¸ê°T³£»¡12/26¡A12/30©ÎªÌ¨º¤@¬q®É¶¡ªºÀË´ú¡A³£¬O¹êÅç«ÇPCR¡A»P§Ö¿z¨SÔ£Ãö«Y¡C


§õ©ú«GÂà¶K¦ãªâªº·Ó¤ù¤£´N¼g©ú¤F~~
ªZº~¥«¤¤¤ßÂå°|¦³¹êÅç«ÇPCR ??



¦Ê¸U³s¸p±À­Ë¬F©²¡A¥H®Ö¾iºñ­«±Ò®Ö¥|~~
https://blog.xuite.net/tomschen/blog



https://www.hkcnews.com/article/27754/ªZº~ªÍª¢-¦ãªâÂå¥Í-27761/¡iªZº~ªÍª¢¤jÃzµo¡j-§Ú°µ¿ù¤°麽¤F¡uµo­ï¤lªº¤H¡v¦ãªâÂå¥Í­«­z¨Æ¥ó-³X°Ýºô¤W¾D§R°£

±z´£ªº¬O³o­Ó¡H

·í¤Ñ¤U¤È4ÂI­è¹L¡A¦P¨Æµ¹§Ú¬Ý¤F¤@¥÷³ø§i¡A¤W­±¼gªº¬O¡GSARS«aª¬¯f¬r¡BºñÁw°²³æ­Mµß¡B46ºØ¤fµÄ¡þ©I§l¹D©w´Óµß¡C§Ú¥J²Ó¬Ý¤F«Ü¦h¹M³ø§i¡A¤U­±ªºª`ÄÀ¼g着¡GSARS«aª¬¯f¬r¬O¤@ºØ³æªÑ¥¿ÃìRNA¯f¬r¡C¸Ó¯f¬r¥D­n¶Ç¼½¤è¦¡¬°ªñ¶ZÂ÷­¸ªj¶Ç¼½©Î±µÄ²±wªÌ©I§l¹D¤Àªcª«¡A¥i¤Þ°_ªº¤@ºØ¨ã¦³©úÅã¶Ç¬V©Ê¡A¥i²Ö¤Î¦h­ÓŦ¾¹¨t²Îªº¯S®íªÍª¢¡A¤]ºÙ«D¨å«¬ªÍª¢¡C



³o­Ó«ç»ò¬Ý³£¬OPCR

¤£¬OSARS§Ö¿z

Edited by - BlueWhaleMoon on 04/11/2020 13:19:05
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JonJon
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3585 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  15:48:14  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send JonJon a Private Message
https://udn.com/news/story/120940/4484672?from=udn_mobile_indexrecommend
§Ú9·s«aªÍª¢±wªÌ¥Î·ç¼w¦è­³ ±i¤W²E¡G¦Ü¤µ³Ì¦³Àø®ÄÃĪ«


§Ú9·s«aªÍª¢±wªÌ¥Î·ç¼w¦è­³ ±i¤W²E¡G¦Ü¤µ³Ì¦³Àø®ÄÃĪ«
2020-04-11 15:26 Áp¦X³ø / °OªÌ³¯ÔвޡB³¯«BøÊ¡Bù¯u¡þ¥x¥_§Y®É³ø¾É
¤¤¥¡¬y¦æ¬Ì±¡«ü´§¤¤¤ß±M®a¤p²Õ¥l¶°¤H±i¤W²Eªí¥Ü¡A¸Ó½g³Ì·sªº³ø¾É¬O¥H®¦·OÀøªk´£¨Ñ¬ü°ê¡B¼Ú¬wªº¯f¤H¨Ï¥Î¡A®ÄªG¥¿­±¡A§Y¨Ï¬OÀ¹µÛ©I§l¾¹±wªÌ¡A¦º¤`²v¶È18¢H¡A­«¯g¦º¤`²v«h¬O13%¡C¥»³ø¨t¸ê®Æ·Ó
¤¤¥¡¬y¦æ¬Ì±¡«ü´§¤¤¤ß±M®a¤p²Õ¥l¶°¤H±i¤W²Eªí¥Ü¡A¸Ó½g³Ì·sªº³ø¾É¬O¥H®¦·OÀøªk´£¨Ñ¬ü°ê¡B¼Ú¬wªº¯f¤H¨Ï¥Î¡A®ÄªG¥¿­±¡A§Y¨Ï¬OÀ¹µÛ©I§l¾¹±wªÌ¡A¦º¤`²v¶È18¢H¡A­«¯g¦º¤`²v«h¬O13%¡C¥»³ø¨t¸ê®Æ·Ó


ªñ¤é¡u·s­^®æÄõÂå¾Ç´Á¥Z¡v¥Zµn·ç¼w¦è­³¬ã¨s¡Aµo²{·s«aªÍª¢±wªÌ¨Ï¥Î«á®ÄªG¦n¡C¹ï¦¹¡A¤¤¥¡¬y¦æ¬Ì±¡«ü´§¤¤¤ß±M®a¤p²Õ¥l¶°¤H±i¤W²Eªí¥Ü¡A¸Ó½g³Ì·sªº³ø¾É¬O¥H®¦·OÀøªk´£¨Ñ¬ü°ê¡B¼Ú¬wªº¯f¤H¨Ï¥Î¡A®ÄªG¥¿­±¡A§Y¨Ï¬OÀ¹µÛ©I§l¾¹±wªÌ¡A¦º¤`²v¶È18¢H¡A­«¯g¦º¤`²v«h¬O13%¡C

±i¤W²Eªí¥Ü¡A§Ú°ê¦@¦³¤E­Ó½T¶E·s«aªÍª¢¯f¨Ò¶i¤J·ç¼w¦è­³Á{§É¸ÕÅç¡A¥H°ê¤ºÁ{§É¥ÎÃĮĪGÆ[¹î¡A¬Æ¦Ü¦³­ì¦b¨Ï¥Î©I§l¾¹¯f¤H¡A¦b¥ÎÃÄ«á´N²æÂ÷©I§l¾¹¡C¥Ø«e¤¤µ¥©Î­«¯g¯f¤Hºû«ù±o¬Û·í¤£¿ù¡A´N³o½g³ø¾É¡A·ç¼w¦è­³¨ì¥Ø«e¬°¤î¬O³Ì¦³¾÷·|¡B³Ì¦³Àø®ÄÃĪ«¡C

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ki1
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5871 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  17:24:45  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send ki1 a Private Message
quote:
Originally posted by zfss

ªZú䥫长¯àú¨©w«Ê«°¡H¤°¤\°­¯º话¡A¨ä¥L¤£ºâ¡A°_码¥Á¯è©M铁¸ô谁会§v¥Lªº¡C


§â¾÷³õ©M¨®¯¸©P³ò³ò¤@°é¤]¤£¥ÎºÞ¥Á¯è©MÅK¸ôÅ¥¤£Å¥
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lyrics
¸ô¤H¥Ò¤A¤þ

1059 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  17:49:40  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send lyrics a Private Message
¡m¬ü国¬ì学°|°|报¡n¡G·s«aA类¯f¬r§ó¦h发现¤_¬ü¿D¯f¨Ò

ªñ´Á¡A关¤_·s«a¯f¬r°_·½问题ªº¬ã¨s¦³¤F·s进®i¡A¤£过¡A´N¬ã¨s结论¬Ý¡A¦ü¥G对¬ü国«ü±±¤¤国ªº说ªk¤£§Q¡C³Ì·sªº¬ã¨s发现¡A·s«aA类¯f¬r§ó¦h发现¤_¬ü国©M¿D¤j§Q亚ªº¨ü·P¬VªÌ¡A¦bªZúä¥u¦³Ìå¤Ö数®×¨Ò¡C

A类·s«a¯f¬r§ó¦h发现¤_¬ü国¯f¨Ò

4¤ë8¤é¡A¤@½g¥Ñ­^国©M¼w国学ªÌ¦@¦P¼¶写ªº论¤å¡A¦b国际ª¾¦W学术´Á¥Z¡m¬ü国¬ì学°|°|报¡n¡]PNAS¡^¤W发ªí¡A¤å³¹题为¡mPhylogenetic network analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes¡n¡A²Ä¤@§@ªÌ为剑桥¤j学ªºPeter Forster³Õ¤h¡C

从论¤å给¥Xªº传¼½¸ô径ÊI络图ÉO专®aªº结论¬Ý¡AÉO­ì©l¬r®è³Ì为¬Û¦üªºA类¯f¬r¡A¦bªZúä虽¦³¥X现¡A¦ý¦}¥¼ÆΪx¬y传¡A¨ä变ÉÝÊ^B类¡A¦b¤¤国¹Ò内¤D¦Ü东亚¤j­S围传¼½¡CA类«¬¯u¥¿扩´²¦a区¡A¬O¦b¬ü国©M¿D¤j§Q亚¡C欧¬w传¼½ªºC类«¬¯f¬r¥i¯à¬O东亚B类«¬变ÉÝ过¥hªº¡C

­È±oª`·Nªº¬O¡A该¬ã¨s¤ÀªR«ü¥X¡A¯f¬r³Ì¦­³Q传¤J·N¤j§Qªº¸ô径¡AÉO¼w国©M·s¥[©Y¸sÊ^±K¤Á¬Û关¡C

https://www.guancha.cn/industry-science/2020_04_11_546451_1.shtml

====================================================================================================

¬ü国¬ì学°|°|报¡APNAS¡A·P觉¬O个会议论¤å°Ú¡C没关¨t¡A¶V来¶V¦hªº学ªÌ开©l关ª`¯f¬r°_·½¤F¡C

Edited by - lyrics on 04/11/2020 17:50:03
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BlueWhaleMoon
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13032 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  17:53:39  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send BlueWhaleMoon a Private Message
¤£过¡A´N¬ã¨s结论¬Ý¡A¦ü¥G对¬ü国«ü±±¤¤国ªº说ªk¤£§Q¡C
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¤¾¤þ
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Taiwan
16098 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  18:11:20  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send ¤¾¤þ a Private Message
quote:
Originally posted by BlueWhaleMoon
³o­Ó«ç»ò¬Ý³£¬OPCR ¡A¤£¬OSARS§Ö¿z


§Ú¹ï¤j³°ªº»{ª¾¬O°£«D¤T¥Ò¥H¤W©Î¦a°Ï¤T¥Ò«ü©w¤j«¬Âå°|¤~·|¦³PCR¤§ÃþªºÀËÅç³]³Æ~~~
¨ä¥L³£¬O¥Î§Ö¿z¸Õ¾¯¨ÓÀËÅç«aª¬¯f¬r©ÎSARS¤§Ãþªº~~~

ªZº~¤¤¤ßÂå°|¦³µLPCR³]³Æ¦b¤U·íµM¤£²M·¡Åo~~


¦Ê¸U³s¸p±À­Ë¬F©²¡A¥H®Ö¾iºñ­«±Ò®Ö¥|~~
https://blog.xuite.net/tomschen/blog
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lyrics
¸ô¤H¥Ò¤A¤þ

1059 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  18:33:42  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send lyrics a Private Message
quote:
Originally posted by BlueWhaleMoon

¤£过¡A´N¬ã¨s结论¬Ý¡A¦ü¥G对¬ü国«ü±±¤¤国ªº说ªk¤£§Q¡C
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½Ð°Ý½×¤å­þ¸Ì¥i¥H±o¨ì³o­Óµ²½×¡H



结论³¡¤À¡A¥H¤Îabstract³£¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì
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judah1970
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2888 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  18:47:04  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send judah1970 a Private Message
quote:
Originally posted by JonJon


¬ü°ê¦U¬É¥¿¦bµh½|WHOªü......³o¤£·|´N¬O¤¤°êªº¥Øªº§a¡H³ò½Ã±Ï»¯¡H




围ÃQ±Ï赵¡H§A¤S½M¥Î¦¨语¤F¡C

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这­Ë¬O给¤F¥x¬ü联军¤@¦¸围点¥´´©ªºÉó会¡A¤j®a²q²q§A们¯à¤£¯à¥´¦¨¡H

quote:
Originally posted by zfss


ªZú䥫长¯àú¨©w«Ê«°¡H¤°¤\°­¯º话¡A¨ä¥L¤£ºâ¡A°_码¥Á¯è©M铁¸ô谁会§v¥Lªº¡C



«x¡H§A¬O¤j陆ªº¡H

quote:
Originally posted by Henschel


©Ò¥H­n´À²ßªñ¥­¥ÏÁç³Ì§C­­«×¤]­n¥Ï©¹§õ§J±j¨­¤W



¦³¤°¤\锅­n¥Ï¡H从ªì´Á§Ú´N说¬O错¤£¬O¸o¡C¦pªG说当时¥u¦³¤j陆¤@个¨Ò¤l¡A还¤£¦n对¤ñ¡A现¦b这¤\¦h对·Ó组¦³Ô£锅¦­´N¬~±o¤z¤z净净¥i¥H»]¤f¸n¤F¡C

¤p¦ë§A­n¬O¥ú±¡绪发ªn¤£¬Ý§Úªº发¨¥¡A¨º§Aª½说´N¦n¤F¡A¦ó¥²这ý©®ö费§Úªº时间¡H
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JonJon
¸ô¤H¥Ò¤A¤þ

3585 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  18:50:43  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send JonJon a Private Message
¤¤°ê²{¦bÁn´©ÃÓ¼w¶ë©MWHO¬O¦b´£ªo±Ï¤õªü
©Ò¥H¤~­n¾a«D¬wÁp·ù¨Óµ¹ÃÓ¼w¶ë¥´®ð
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LUMBER
§Ú¬O¦Ñ³¾

Taiwan
8485 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  19:00:14  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send LUMBER a Private Message
¡@
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https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/covid-19-genetic-network-analysis-provides-snapshot-of-pandemic-origins?from=groupmessage&isappinstalled=0&fbclid=IwAR1Vvpvx0Dz_8YSioTBIJSVaPzdx63GJo72jLrlOEllGT8bpF39n-kguACQ
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¹ï©ó¥¼¨Ó­n­±Á{ªº¬D¾Ô¡A¤ñ°_¨º¨Ç²@µL¥Î³B¡A¦Ó¥B¥O¤Häú¤ßªº¼L¯¥ÁÙ¦³¥Î¤W´X¤d¨Ê¥ü­¿¡C
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The team used data from virus genomes sampled from across the world between 24 December 2019 and 4 March 2020. The research revealed three distinct ¡§variants¡¨ of COVID-19, consisting of clusters of closely related lineages, which they label ¡¥A¡¦, ¡¥B¡¦ and ¡¥C¡¦.
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¸Ó¹Î¶¤¨Ï¥Î¤F¥@¬É¦U¦a±Ä¼Ëªº¯f¬r°ò¦]²Õ¤¤±oª¾COVID-19¥i¥H¤À¦¨ABC¤TºØ¥D­nÅÜÅé
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Forster and colleagues found that the closest type of COVID-19 to the one discovered in bats ¡V type ¡¥A¡¦, the ¡§original human virus genome¡¨ ¡V was present in Wuhan, but surprisingly was not the city¡¦s predominant virus type. Mutated versions of ¡¥A¡¦ were seen in Americans reported to have lived in Wuhan, and a large number of A-type viruses were found in patients from the US and Australia.
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ºÖ´µ¯S³Õ¤hµo²{·½¦ÛªZº~ªº¼Ë¥»¡ACOVID-19³Q¤ÀÃþ¬°¯f¬rAÅÜÅé¡A³Q»{¬°¬O¡u¤HÃþ­ì©l¯f¬r°ò¦]²Õ¡v¡A¦ý¨Ã¤£¬O¸Ó«°¥«ªº¥D­n¯f´Á¨Ó·½¡C©~¦í©óªZº~ªº¬ü°ê¤H»P¿D¤j§Q¨È¤~¬OAÅÜÅ骺¥D­n±Ú¸s¡C
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Wuhan¡¦s major virus type, ¡¥B¡¦, was prevalent in patients from across East Asia. However, the variant didn¡¦t travel much beyond the region without further mutations ¡V implying a "founder event" in Wuhan, or ¡§resistance¡¨ against this type of COVID-19 outside East Asia, say researchers.
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¦bªZº~ªº®×¨Ò¤¤ªº¯f¬r¥D­n¬°COVID-19ªºÅÜÅéB¡A¦Ó³o­ÓÅÜÅéB¨Ã¨S¦³«ùÄò¶i¤Æ¡A³oªí¥Ü¯f¬r¦bªZº~µo¥Í¤F¡u³þ°òªÌ®ÄÀ³¡v¡A¨Ï±oªF¨È¦a°Ï¥i¥H¹ï¨ä¥L¦a°ÏªºCOVID-19¶}©l§K¬Ì¡C
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The ¡¥C¡¦ variant is the major European type, found in early patients from France, Italy, Sweden and England. It is absent from the study¡¦s Chinese mainland sample, but seen in Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea.
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ÅÜÅéC¬O¼Ú¬wªº¥D­nCOVID-19ÅÜÅé¡A¦bªk°ê¡A·N¤j§Q¡A·ç¨å©M­^°ê¤j³W¼ÒÃzµo¡C¥L±q¥¼¦b¤¤°ê¤j³°³Qµo²{¡A¦ý¬O¦b·s¥[©Y¸ò­»´ä¡A«nÁú³£¦³¡C
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Since today¡¦s PNAS study was conducted, the research team has extended its analysis to 1,001 viral genomes. While yet to be peer-reviewed, Forster says the latest work suggests that the first infection and spread among humans of COVID-19 occurred between mid-September and early December.
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LUMBER
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Taiwan
8485 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  19:05:59  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send LUMBER a Private Message
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https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/04/07/2004999117?fbclid=IwAR2yr10t8f0VkxhRIVYcxwEOirXTNobP2VjKesMlICs4ORsO-Vpuy2stVUE
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In a phylogenetic network analysis of 160 complete human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) genomes, we find three central variants distinguished by amino acid changes, which we have named A, B, and C, with A being the ancestral type according to the bat outgroup coronavirus.
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The A and C types are found in significant proportions outside East Asia, that is, in Europeans and Americans.In contrast, the B type is the most common type in East Asia, and its ancestral genome appears not to have spread outside East Asia without first mutating into derived B types,
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¢Ï©M¢Ñªº¬ðÅܺئbªF¨È¥H¥~ªº¤ñ¨Ò«Ü°ª¡C¢Ð¬OªF¨È³Ì±`¨£ªºÃþ«¬¡A¨ä­ì©l°ò¦]¨Ã¨S¦³¬ðÅÜ©Î¥ô¦ó­l¥Í¡A¤]¤£·|ÂX´²¨ìªF¨È¥H¥~¡A³oªí¥Ü¤F¦b¨È¬wªº¢ÐÅܺئb³þ°òªÌ®ÄÀ³¤§«á¤w¸g²£¥Í¤F¹ï©ó¨Ó¦Û¨È¬w¥H¥~¨ä¥LÅܺتº§K¬Ì¤O¡C
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Zhou et al. (7) recently reported a closely related bat coronavirus, with 96.2% sequence similarity to the human virus. We use this bat virus as an outgroup, resulting in the root of the network being placed in a cluster of lineages which we have labeled ¡§A.¡¨ Overall, the network, as expected in an ongoing outbreak, shows ancestral viral genomes existing alongside their newly mutated daughter genomes.
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·½¦Û©ó½¿½»ªº«aª¬¯f¬r¡A»P±Ä¦Û¤HÃþ¨­¤W¯f¬rªº¬Û¦ü©Ê¬°96.2%¡A§Ú­Ì¼Ð°O¬°Aªº±Ú¸s¤¤§@¬°¶Ç¬Vªº°_ÂI¡C¸Óºô¸ô¥Ñ©ó¬Ì±¡ªºÃzµo¡A¾É­P¤F¯f¬r°ò¦]²Õ»P¨äÅܲ§ªº¤l¥N°ò¦]¦P®É¦s¦b¡C
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There are two subclusters of A which are distinguished by the synonymous mutation T29095C. In the T-allele subcluster, four Chinese individuals (from the southern coastal Chinese province of Guangdong) carry the ancestral genome, while three Japanese and two American patients differ from it by a number of mutations. These American patients are reported to have had a history of residence in the presumed source of the outbreak in Wuhan. The C-allele subcluster sports relatively long mutational branches and includes five individuals from Wuhan, two of which are represented in the ancestral node, and eight other East Asians from China and adjacent countries. It is noteworthy that nearly half (15/33) of the types in this subcluster, however, are found outside East Asia, mainly in the United States and Australia.
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For type B, all but 19 of the 93 type B genomes were sampled in Wuhan (n = 22), in other parts of eastern China (n = 31), and, sporadically, in adjacent Asian countries (n = 21). Outside of East Asia, 10 B-types were found in viral genomes from the United States and Canada, one in Mexico, four in France, two in Germany, and one each in Italy and Australia. Node B is derived from A by two mutations: the synonymous mutation T8782C and the nonsynonymous mutation C28144T changing a leucine to a serine. Cluster B is striking with regard to mutational branch lengths: While the ancestral B type is monopolized (26/26 genomes) by East Asians, every single (19/19) B-type genome outside of Asia has evolved mutations. This phenomenon does not appear to be due to the month-long time lag and concomitant mutation rate acting on the viral genome before it spread outside of China (Dataset S1, Supplementary Table 2). A complex founder scenario is one possibility, and a different explanation worth considering is that the ancestral Wuhan B-type virus is immunologically or environmentally adapted to a large section of the East Asian population, and may need to mutate to overcome resistance outside East Asia.
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Type C differs from its parent type B by the nonsynonymous mutation G26144T which changes a glycine to a valine. In the dataset, this is the major European type (n = 11), with representatives in France, Italy, Sweden, and England, and in California and Brazil. It is absent in the mainland Chinese sample, but evident in Singapore (n = 5) and also found in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and South Korea.
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Henschel
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3315 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  19:06:15  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send Henschel a Private Message
quote:
Originally posted by judah1970

¦³¤°¤\锅­n¥Ï¡H从ªì´Á§Ú´N说¬O错¤£¬O¸o¡C¦pªG说当时¥u¦³¤j陆¤@个¨Ò¤l¡A还¤£¦n对¤ñ¡A现¦b这¤\¦h对·Ó组¦³Ô£锅¦­´N¬~±o¤z¤z净净¥i¥H»]¤f¸n¤F¡C

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Edited by - Henschel on 04/11/2020 19:20:55
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BlueWhaleMoon
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13032 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  19:35:26  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send BlueWhaleMoon a Private Message
quote:
Originally posted by lyrics

quote:
Originally posted by BlueWhaleMoon

¤£过¡A´N¬ã¨s结论¬Ý¡A¦ü¥G对¬ü国«ü±±¤¤国ªº说ªk¤£§Q¡C
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BlueWhaleMoon
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13032 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  19:57:27  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send BlueWhaleMoon a Private Message
quote:
Originally posted by ¤¾¤þ

quote:
Originally posted by BlueWhaleMoon
³o­Ó«ç»ò¬Ý³£¬OPCR ¡A¤£¬OSARS§Ö¿z


§Ú¹ï¤j³°ªº»{ª¾¬O°£«D¤T¥Ò¥H¤W©Î¦a°Ï¤T¥Ò«ü©w¤j«¬Âå°|¤~·|¦³PCR¤§ÃþªºÀËÅç³]³Æ~~~
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https://blog.xuite.net/tomschen/blog



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Edited by - BlueWhaleMoon on 04/11/2020 20:42:12
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BlueWhaleMoon
§Ú¬O¦Ñ³¾

13032 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  20:40:12  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send BlueWhaleMoon a Private Message
quote:
Originally posted by LUMBER



https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=2991600400932397&id=865377433554715

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Edited by - BlueWhaleMoon on 04/11/2020 20:40:46
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¤¾¤þ
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Taiwan
16098 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  20:46:53  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send ¤¾¤þ a Private Message
¤W­±¨º¤@½g¦­¶Ç«Ü¤[¤F¡A¦bÂåÀø¬ÛÃö°Q½×Äæ¦ì¨º´X¼h¤j¼Ó??¸Ì´N¦³³Q¤H¶K¹L~~~

¥S¥xÀ³¸Ó¥i¥H¬dªº¨ì¦Û±qSARS¥H¨Ó§Ú°ê«Ø¥ßªº©I§l¹D¶Ç¬VºÊ´úÅé¨t¬O¼sµo§Ö¿z¸Õ¾¯¨ì¾÷³õ/½Ã¥Í©Ò/¤¤¤p«¬Âå°|¶E©Ò·í²Ä¤@¹D¨¾½u·dªì¨B¿z¿ï¡APCR¬O²Ä¤G¹D~~
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¦Ê¸U³s¸p±À­Ë¬F©²¡A¥H®Ö¾iºñ­«±Ò®Ö¥|~~
https://blog.xuite.net/tomschen/blog
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gera
§Ú¬O¦Ñ³¾

6100 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  20:50:00  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send gera a Private Message
https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/04/07/2004999117?fbclid=IwAR2yr10t8f0VkxhRIVYcxwEOirXTNobP2VjKesMlICs4ORsO-Vpuy2stVUE

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BlueWhaleMoon
§Ú¬O¦Ñ³¾

13032 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  21:06:26  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send BlueWhaleMoon a Private Message
A«¬¬O§_¬r©Ê¸û¤£±j¡AÁÙ¨S¦³¬ÛÃö¤ÀªR
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¤¾¤þ
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Taiwan
16098 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  21:09:39  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send ¤¾¤þ a Private Message
³o½g¤]¬O
COVID-19: genetic network analysis provides ¡¥snapshot¡¦ of pandemic origins
https://bit.ly/3edljJE

Forster and colleagues found that the closest type of COVID-19 to the one discovered in bats ¡V type ¡¥A¡¦, the ¡§original human virus genome¡¨ ¡V was present in Wuhan, but surprisingly was not the city¡¦s predominant virus type.

Mutated versions of ¡¥A¡¦ were seen in Americans reported to have lived in Wuhan, and a large number of A-type viruses were found in patients from the US and Australia.

Wuhan¡¦s major virus type, ¡¥B¡¦, was prevalent in patients from across East Asia. However, the variant didn¡¦t travel much beyond the region without further mutations ¡V implying a "founder event" in Wuhan, or ¡§resistance¡¨ against this type of COVID-19 outside East Asia, say researchers.

The ¡¥C¡¦ variant is the major European type, found in early patients from France, Italy, Sweden and England. It is absent from the study¡¦s Chinese mainland sample, but seen in Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea.

The new analysis also suggests that one of the earliest introductions of the virus into Italy came via the first documented German infection on January 27, and that another early Italian infection route was related to a ¡§Singapore cluster¡¨.

Importantly, the researchers say that their genetic networking techniques accurately traced established infection routes: the mutations and viral lineages joined the dots between known cases.


¦Ê¸U³s¸p±À­Ë¬F©²¡A¥H®Ö¾iºñ­«±Ò®Ö¥|~~
https://blog.xuite.net/tomschen/blog
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zfss
¸ô¤H¥Ò¤A¤þ

2266 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  22:40:33  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send zfss a Private Message
quote:
Originally posted by ki1

quote:
Originally posted by zfss

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LUMBER
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Taiwan
8485 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  23:02:14  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send LUMBER a Private Message
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waffe
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7187 Posts

Posted - 04/11/2020 :  23:13:50  ·|­û¸ê®Æ Send waffe a Private Message
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