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SOCOM
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Hong Kong
722 Posts |
Posted - 09/25/2011 : 00:49:04
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Great Powers and the quest for Hegemony ¡V The world order since 1500 Jeremy Black Routledge, 2008.
²Ä1³¹ Paul KennedyªºµÛ§@
¦Û±q¦b1987¦~¥Xª©¥H¨Ó¡APaul KennedyªºRise and Fall of Great Power´N¤@ª½¨ü¨ì«µø¡C¥L»{¬°ºû«ù¶Õ¤O½d³ò²Îªv¥H¤Î©Ò»Ýªºx¶O¶}¤ä¡A±N³y¦¨「oversketch」ªº°ÝÃD©M©ì«±°]¬F¡A³Ì²×¥O«Ò°ê°I¤`¡C
³o¥»®Ñªº§@ªÌJeremy Black»{¬°³oºØmaterialistªº¬Ýªk¬O¦³©Ò¤£¨¬©M¦s¦³¨îªº¡CKennedyªº¬Ýªk¡A«Ü¤jµ{«×¤W¨Ó¦Û¥L¦b1976¦~¥Xª©ªº¬ã¨s¡A「The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery」¡C
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Kennedy»{¬°Åv¤Oªº°ò¦¬O¶T©ö¡A¶T©ö¬O¿Å¶qÅv¤Oªº«ü¼Ð¡CY²Îªv½d³ò¹L¤j¡A¦Ó¶T©öÀu¶Õ¸ò¤£¤W¡A´N·|©ì«±°]¬F¡A³y¦¨«Ò°êªºoversketch¡C¦ý³o¤£¯à®M¥Î±o¨CÓ¨Ò¤l¡C
¨Ò¦pù°¨«Ò°êªº·À¤`¡A´N·½©ó¥|©P¦a°Ïªºx¨Æ¬D¾Ô¡A¦h©ó²Îªv½d³ò¹L¤j©ì˸gÀÙ¡C³o¥]¬AÂĬÀ¤ý´Â(Sassanid Persia)¡B¤é¦Õ°Ò³¡¸¨¡B¦I¤H(Hun)ªº§ðÀ»¡C
Kennedy¹ï¤¤°ê¡B¤é¥»¡B«n¨È¡B¦^±Ð¥@¬É¡A¥uµÛ²´©ó20¥@¬ö¥H¨Óªº¾ú¥v¡A¤§«eªº¤@¤Á¥u¬O»´»´±a¹L¡C¨Ò¦p©ú´Â©M²M´Â¦¨¥\«I¥e¤F·sæ¡B¦èÂáB¥xÆW¡B¶ÂÀs¦¿¡A¼Ú¬w¤H«hªá¶O¤j¶qªº»È¨ÓÁʶR³f«~¡C«áªÌÁöµM¥O¤¤°ê³q³f¿±µÈ¡A¦ý¤£¯à¦]¦¹©¿µø¤¤°ê¦b20¥@¬ö«eªº¹ê¤O¡C
´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡AKennedyªº©w¸q¬O°ò©ó¡Aµo¸ñ©ó¤j¦è¬vªº®ü¬v«Ò°ê(Maritime empire, seaborne empire)¦Ó¨Óªº¡A§Y¸²µå¤ú¡B¦è¯Z¤ú¡B²üÄõ¡B¤¦³Á¡B^°ê¡B¬ü°êµ¥¡C³o¤£¾A¥Î©ó©Ò¦³«Ò°ê¡C
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
You may not be interested in the dialectic, but the dialectic is interested in you.
~~~~~~Leon Trotsky
You may not be interested in troubles, but troubles are interested in you.
~~~~~~SOCOM |
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SOCOM
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Hong Kong
722 Posts |
Posted - 09/25/2011 : 00:50:13
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²Ä2³¹ ª§¹ÜÀu¶Õ 1500-1590
¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A「²{¥N¤å©ú」¬O±q1500¦~¶}©l¡A¾ú¥v¾Ç®aWilliam Robertson¦b1769¦~Á|¤F¦n¨Ç¨Æ¨Ò¡A»¡©ú¦¹¤@¦~¥÷ªº¬É©w(¥»®Ñp.27)¡C
「¦a²z¤jµo²{」¡B「¤j¯è®ü®É¥N」¡A¤j®a³£«Ü¼ô±x¡C³o¬O²{®É¤H̲´¤¤¡A²{¥N¤å©úªº¶}ºÝ¡C¦U°ê±q¦¹¶}©l¤F「²{¥N©Ê(modernity)」ªº«Ø¥ß¡C
¦ý³o¥»®Ñªº§@ªÌ§i¶D§A¡A13¥@¬öªº»X¥j«Ò°ê¡A¤w¸g¬O「«ùÄò(continuous)」ªº¥þ²y¾ú¥vªº¶}©l¡C
»X¥j«Ò°ê
»X¥j«Ò°ê³z¹L«Ò°ê»â¤g©Mµ·º÷¤§¸ô(Silk Road)¡A¶}©l¤F«Ü¦h¨Æª«ªº¥æ´«¡A¥]¬A§Þ³N¡Bideas¡A¬Æ¦Ü¯e¯f¡C¨ä¤¤ªF¤è©v±Ð¡BªF¤èªº¶Ç»D¡A¨ë¿E¤F¼Ú¬w¤H¹ï²{ª¬ªº¤Ï«ä¡A¤Î¤Þ°_¥LÌ¥|³B±´ÀIªº¿³½ì¡C
»X¥j¤H±qªF¨È¤@¸ô¦V¦è¤è«I²¤¡A»·¦ÜªiÄõ©M¦I¤ú§Q¡A¦ý³o¨Ã¨S¦³¹J¨ìx¶O©ì«±°]¬Fªº「oversketch」°ÝÃD¡C»X¥j¤H«I¥e¤@¤j¶ô¦a¤è¤§«á¡A´N¹ê¬I¤j³W¼Òªº·m±°©M¯}Ãa¡A¨Ï¸Ó¦a¤H¥ÁµLªk«·s²Õ´¤Ï§Ü¡C±µµÛ¡A³¡¶¤±aµÛÅBª«¦A§ð¥´¤U¤@³B¦a¤è¡C
¥ý«e³Q¨ä¯}Ãaªº¦a°Ï´N¦¨¤FÃe¤jªº½w½Ä°Ï¡A§Y¨Ï¦û»â¦a¦A¦³¤H¤Ï§Ü¡A¤]¦³¸û¥R¸Îªº®É¶¡¤ÏÀ³¡A¦U¦a¤]µL»Ý³B³B¬£garrison troops¾n¨¾¡C¬G¦¹¡A«I²¤ªº¸gÀÙt¾á¨Ã¤£«¡C
±µµÛ¡A¤º¬FºÞ²zªº³¡ªù¡A·|±N·s±o¨ìªº»â¤g¡A¾ã¦X¦¨«Ò°êªº¤@³¡¥÷¡C
¦b¾ã¹Lµ{¤¤¡Ax¶¤¥ý«e¶i¡A¦A«á°h¡A¦³¦pªi®ö¯ë¤@«e¤@«á²¾°Ê¡A¨Ï¥LÌ¥i¥H¦P®É±¹ï«Ü¦h¾Ô½u¡A¦ý¤S¤£»Ý¹L«×ÂX®i¡C³o¹Lµ{¦b»Xô(Mongke Khan)§Y¦ì«e¤@ª½«½Æ¹B§@¡AºÙ¬°「tidal-wave process)¡C
SOCOM¡G¥H¤W¬O·Óì¤å¼gªº¡A¦ý§Ú¥u¬Ý¨ì«e¶i©M·m±°¦³¤°»ò¥Î¡A¨S¬Ý¨ì¬°¤°»òn°h¦^¥h¡K¡K
»Xô¦b¦ì®É¡A´¿±À°Ê¦æ¬F§ï²¡A¨Ï¬F©²¨¬¥H°Êû100¸U¤H¤f§@¾Ô¡A¨Ã¦¨¥\¦b1258¦~¦û»â¤Ú®æ¹F¡C
»X¥j«Ò°êªºµ|°È©M¦æ¬F¨î«×¬Û·í¦³®Ä(¡H)¡A¬G¦¹¤£¬O¦]¬°¸gÀÙ°ÝÃD¦Ó·À¤`ªº¡C¥¦¬O¥Ñ©ó»Xô¥h¥@¤Þµo¤º¾Ô¦Ó¨Óªº¡A¦UÓ¦½°ê¶¡¤¬¬Û¹ï§Ü¡C³o¬Û¦P©ó°¨¨ä¹y«Ò°ê¡A¦]¬°¨È¾ú¤s¤j¤j«Ò¦º¤`¦Ó¤Þµo¤º¶Ã¤@¼Ë¡C
¤º¾Ô¨Ï¦U¤èªº°ê¤O®ø¯Ó¨£©³¡A¬ÛÄ~·À¤`¡C¦ý¥un³ÌªFÃ䪺「¤¸´Â」¡A¸gÀÙ¦]¯À¸û¬°¦Y«¡C·í¦aªºº~¤H¦]³h§x¦Ó¤Ï§Ü¡A¤¸´Â³Ì²×·À¤`¡A¨Ã³Q©ú´Â¨ú¥N¡C¨ä¾lªº¥|¤j¦½°ê¡A¦³³Q°ò»²Ã¹´µ®ø·À¡A¤]¦³¦b¨ä¥L¾Ôª§¤¤·À¤`¡C´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A°£¤F¤¸´Â¤§¥~¡A¸gÀÙ¦]¯À¦b¦UÓ¶Õ¤Oªº·À¤`¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¨¤¦â¨Ã¤£¬O³Ì«n¡C
¥H¤W©Ò½Íªº¬O¡A¨S¥²n¹L¥÷¸Ø¤j¸gÀÙ¹ï¬Fªv©Mx¨Æ§Î¶Õªº¼vÅT¡C¦ý¥t¤@¤è±¡AYn½Í»X¥jªº¸gÀÙ¡Aµ·º÷¤§¸ôªº½T§êºt«n¨¤¦â¡Cµ·º÷¤§¸ô³~¸g¤H¤f³Ì¸Y±Kªº¤¤°ê©M¦L«×¡A¨Ã¤@¸ô©µ¦ù¦Üªü©Ô§B¦a°Ï¡B¶Â®ü¦a°Ï¡Cª½¨ì18¥@¬ö¡A¥¦¤´µM¬OªF¦è¤è³Ì¥Dnªº¶T©ö¹D¸ô¡C
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
You may not be interested in the dialectic, but the dialectic is interested in you.
~~~~~~Leon Trotsky
You may not be interested in troubles, but troubles are interested in you.
~~~~~~SOCOM |
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·V¡D¤¤³¥
§Ú¬O¦Ñ³¾
27929 Posts |
Posted - 09/25/2011 : 03:33:56
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«Ò°êªºÃä¬É¨M©w©ó«Ò°ê¼É¤O¯à°÷¦³®Ä²¾°ÊªºªÅ¶¡¡C ¡]§¹¡^
¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð ¡u§Ú¤D¬O®Ú¾ÚÓ¤H¤@¦V¥õ¿àªº¬ã¨s¤èªk¦Ó±o¥Xµ²½×¡C§Úªº¤èªk´N¬O¡G¹DÅ¥³~»¡¥[¤WÂ_³¹¨ú¸q¡AµM«áÂk¯Ç±À²z¡A³Ì«á§Ñ±¼°T®§¨Ó·½¡A¶}©l±jµü¹Ü²z¡A°í«ù§Ú©Ò¨¥´N¬O¬J©w¨Æ¹ê¡C¡v ¥v¦Ò¯S¡D¨È·í´µ¡A¡m§b§B¯S¤§¶À¹«¯T·í¹D¡n
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27929 Posts |
Posted - 09/25/2011 : 20:26:08
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¸É¥R»¡©ú¡AÅv¤O¡A¤]´N¬O±j¨î¤Oªº®Ú¥»¨Ó·½¡A¬O¼É¤O¡A¤]´N¬Ox¶¤¸òĵ¹î¡C
©è§ÜÅv¤OªºÅv§Q¡A®Ú¥»¨Ó·½¡A¤]¬O¼É¤O¡A´N¬O¬ü°ê¾ËªkÁ¿ªº¨ººØ¥Á§L¡C
©Ò¥H·í¦³¤H¤U©w¨M¤ßn¨Ó¤Ï«Ò°êªº®ÉÔ¡A«Ò°êªºÅv¤O¬O§_¦³®Ä¦æ¨Ï¡A´N¨M©w©ó¥L¯à¥Î¦h¤Ö¾Ô¤O¥h§â³o¨Ç·Q°f¤Ñªº·M¥Á¥´¨ì³¬¼L¡A¦pªG¯à²¾°Êªº¾Ô¤O¤£¨¬¥´¿é¤F¡A«h«Ò°êªºÃä¬É¤]´N¨ì¦¹¬°¤î¡C
¸gÀÙ¤O¸ò¤å¤Æ¤Oµ¥µ¥ÁöµM¤]¬O¦³¼vÅT¡A¦ý·í¤@Ó¤H¸£³U¦³°ÝÃD¤U©w¨M¤ß·Q°f¤Ñªº®ÉÔ¡A°ß¤@¯à¤£ÅU¨ä·NÄ@ªý¤î¥Lªº´N¬Oª«²z©Ê½èªº¼É¤O¡C
«Ò°êªº¸gÀÙ¸ò¤å¤Æ¼vÅT¤O¹ïÃä¬ÉªºÆZ¯î¤g¤H¤£¤ÓºÞ¥Î´N¬O³o¼Ë¡C
¦ý¤jxµLªk¦b¦Û¤v¨ì¤£¤Fªº¦a¤è¦æ¨Ï¼É¤O¡C
¦Ó«Ò°ê©ÒÄݪº²Õ´¼É¤O¡A¤]´N¬Ox¶¤¸òÂí¼É³¡¶¤¡A¯à°÷²¾°Êªº½d³ò¬É½u¡A¤]´N¨ú¨M©ó«Ò°ê¹ï©ó¥æ³q§Þ³N¸ò«Ø³]ªº´x´¤¯à¤O¡C
ù°¨¤jx¤§©Ò¥H¯à§Ö³t²¾°Ê¡A´N¨ú¨M©ó¥L̦b³y¾ô¾Q¸ô¤W«Ü¦³¤@¤â¡C¯³«Ò°ê׿v¹£¹D¤]¬O¦P¼Ëªº¹D²z¡A·íµM¡A¥L̦b¦Û¤v¤jx¨ì±o¤Fªº½d³ò¤ºÂí¼É¤£¤O¨º¤£¯à©Ç°¨¸ô¤£¦n¡C
Á`¦Ó¨¥¤§¡A¥æ³q§Þ³N¸ò«Ø³]¶Vµo¹F¡A«h°ê®a¤½Åv¤O¶V®e©ö±q»·¤è½Õ¹L¨Ó¦æ¨Ï¡C³oÂI´Nºâ¦b·s¿³ªººô¸ôªÅ¶¡¤]¤@¼Ë¡C
ºô¸ô¦b³Ìªì§¹¥þ¬OµLªk¦a±a¡A¦ýÀHµÛ§Þ³Nªº¶i¨B¸ò¤½Åv¤O¤]¶}©l²`¤Jºô¸ô¤§«á¡A®É¦Ü¤µ¤é¤¤°ê¤w¸gÃÒ©úºô¸ô¬O¦³°ê¬Éªº¡A´Nºâ¯à°÷°½´ç¨ºÁÙ¬O¦³°ê¬É¦s¦b©Ò¥H¤~°½´ç¡C
¦b¯u¥¿¹ý©³·¥Åv¥D¸qªº°ê®an§¹¥þ´x±±ºô¸ô¤]¨Ã«D¤£¥i¯à¡A¤ñ¦p»¡¥_Áú¢w¢w¨S¹q¸£´N¨Sºô¸ô¡A¦Ón¬d¸T¹q¸£¹ï¦³´Ò´Î¸ò¨Bºjªºxĵ¨Ó»¡¡A·íµM¨S¤°»òÃøªº¡C
¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð ¡u§Ú¤D¬O®Ú¾ÚÓ¤H¤@¦V¥õ¿àªº¬ã¨s¤èªk¦Ó±o¥Xµ²½×¡C§Úªº¤èªk´N¬O¡G¹DÅ¥³~»¡¥[¤WÂ_³¹¨ú¸q¡AµM«áÂk¯Ç±À²z¡A³Ì«á§Ñ±¼°T®§¨Ó·½¡A¶}©l±jµü¹Ü²z¡A°í«ù§Ú©Ò¨¥´N¬O¬J©w¨Æ¹ê¡C¡v ¥v¦Ò¯S¡D¨È·í´µ¡A¡m§b§B¯S¤§¶À¹«¯T·í¹D¡n
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·V¡D¤¤³¥
§Ú¬O¦Ñ³¾
27929 Posts |
Posted - 09/25/2011 : 20:39:50
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¸gÀÙ¹ïx¨ÆÅv¤O·íµM¤]¬O¦³¼vÅT¡A¦ý¸gÀÙ¥»¨µLªk¯u¥¿ÂX±i°ê®aÅv¤O¡C
«Ò°êªºÂX±i¸ò¸ó°ê¼vÅT¡A³Ì²×ÁÙ¬O¨ú¨M©ó¥L¯à¦³®Ä§ë®g¼É¤O¨ì¦h¤Ö½d³ò¡C
¬FªvÅé¨î¡B¥Á±Ú©Êµ¥µ¥¡A¤]¦³¼vÅT¡C
±`¦³¤H»¡¬ü°ê¬O«Ò°ê¡A¦ý´N§ÚªºÆ[ÂI¡A¯un»¡¬ü°ê¬O«Ò°ê¡A¨º¥j¤Ú¸ò©e¤º·ç©ÔÁÙ¦³¥ì®Ô¯à¬¡¨ì²{¦b¡A§Ú´N¤£Ä±±o¬ü°ê¬Oӫܫªº«Ò°ê¡C
´N³s¥ì©Ô§J¡AÁ¿¯uªº¬ü°ê±q¨Ó¨S¦³¯u¥¿·d©w¹L¥ì©Ô§J¡A¬ü°ê¬é¬O·d©w¤F®ü¬À¦Ó¤w¡C¬ü°êªº¬Fªv¬[ºc¸ò°ò¥»²z©À¡A¨î¤F¨äx¨ÆÅv¤OÀò±o³Ì¤j«×ªº§Q¥Î¡A©Ò¥H¬ü°ê®Ú¥»¤£¬O¤@ӫܦ³®Äªºx¨Æ«Ò°ê¡C
ù°¨¤H¸ò»X¥j¤H¦b¥þ²±®É´Á·QÂíÀ£ªº¦a¤è¡A¦b¥L̨«¹L¤§«á³q±`¥u·|³Ñ¤U¨âºØ¤H¡G¥£Áõ¸ò«ÍÅé¡C
Á`¦Ó¨¥¤§¡A§ÚÓ¤H»{¬°¤@ӫҰꪺ¼vÅT¤O¦³®Ä»P§_¡A³Ì²×ÁÙ¬O¬Ý¥L¯à¥Î¼É¤OÂíÀ£ªº½d³ò¦³¦h¤j¡C
§_«h«Ü¦h¤H¦¨¤Ñ¤Ï¬üÁÙ¬O¬¡ªº¦n¦nªº¡A¦bù°¨®É¥N¤½¶}¤Ïù°¨¥i¬On¤WæƦD¬[¡A©Î¬O°e¥hÄv§Þ³õ¸ò²rÃ~·i°«¡C
´NºâÀHµÛ®É¥N¶i¨B´Ýhªº¤èªk¥Îªº¤ñ¸û¤Ö¡A¦ý«Ò°ê¨S¿ìªk³B²z±¼¹ï¦Û¤v³y¦¨·l®`ªº¤H¡A¨º´Nªí¥Ü«Ò°êªºÅv¤O«×¨ì¦¹¬°¤î¡C
¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð ¡u§Ú¤D¬O®Ú¾ÚÓ¤H¤@¦V¥õ¿àªº¬ã¨s¤èªk¦Ó±o¥Xµ²½×¡C§Úªº¤èªk´N¬O¡G¹DÅ¥³~»¡¥[¤WÂ_³¹¨ú¸q¡AµM«áÂk¯Ç±À²z¡A³Ì«á§Ñ±¼°T®§¨Ó·½¡A¶}©l±jµü¹Ü²z¡A°í«ù§Ú©Ò¨¥´N¬O¬J©w¨Æ¹ê¡C¡v ¥v¦Ò¯S¡D¨È·í´µ¡A¡m§b§B¯S¤§¶À¹«¯T·í¹D¡n
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Edited by - ·V¡D¤¤³¥ on 09/25/2011 20:47:35 |
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GMM
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3333 Posts |
Posted - 09/25/2011 : 20:59:11
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·Q°Ý¤@Ó°ÝÃD ¥j¥N¶¡¸ó¬vªº°ê»Ú¥æ©ön¥Î¤°»ò¥æ©ö ¾F°ê¶¡ªº¥æ©öÁÙ¥i¥HÅý³f¹ô¦³´«ºâ¶×²v ¦ý¬O¼Ú¬w¨ì¤¤°ê¹j¨º»ò»· ¦Ó¥B¦´Á¤¤°ê¤]¬O´X¥G¥þ¬O¿é¥X¶T©ö¬°¥D ¦¬¨ì¥~°êªº¿ú¹ô¤]¨S¤°»ò¾÷·|ªá±¼ ´N¥u¯à¾aª÷Äݪº»ùȨӵû¶q¶Ü |
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ryan2181
¸ô¤H¥Ò¤A¤þ
Taiwan
2298 Posts |
Posted - 09/25/2011 : 21:06:11
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quote: Originally posted by GMM
·Q°Ý¤@Ó°ÝÃD ¥j¥N¶¡¸ó¬vªº°ê»Ú¥æ©ön¥Î¤°»ò¥æ©ö ¾F°ê¶¡ªº¥æ©öÁÙ¥i¥HÅý³f¹ô¦³´«ºâ¶×²v ¦ý¬O¼Ú¬w¨ì¤¤°ê¹j¨º»ò»· ¦Ó¥B¦´Á¤¤°ê¤]¬O´X¥G¥þ¬O¿é¥X¶T©ö¬°¥D ¦¬¨ì¥~°êªº¿ú¹ô¤]¨S¤°»ò¾÷·|ªá±¼ ´N¥u¯à¾aª÷Äݪº»ùȨӵû¶q¶Ü
¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò³o¸Ì¬Ý¬Ý http://www.acewings.com/cobrachen/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=7353&whichpage=1
======================== µ§®Ñ·Ó¨xÁx¡@¨g«L¥ç·Å¤å "¶Â¦âºjÃM§LÅ¥¥O:«e¤èªº³£¬O¼Ä¤H"
Secretary General of IMFS(International Military Fans Society)
»Èªe¨tªº¾ú¥v¤S½¹L¤F¤@¶....
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·V¡D¤¤³¥
§Ú¬O¦Ñ³¾
27929 Posts |
Posted - 09/25/2011 : 21:17:22
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quote: Originally posted by GMM
·Q°Ý¤@Ó°ÝÃD ¥j¥N¶¡¸ó¬vªº°ê»Ú¥æ©ön¥Î¤°»ò¥æ©ö ¾F°ê¶¡ªº¥æ©öÁÙ¥i¥HÅý³f¹ô¦³´«ºâ¶×²v ¦ý¬O¼Ú¬w¨ì¤¤°ê¹j¨º»ò»· ¦Ó¥B¦´Á¤¤°ê¤]¬O´X¥G¥þ¬O¿é¥X¶T©ö¬°¥D ¦¬¨ì¥~°êªº¿ú¹ô¤]¨S¤°»ò¾÷·|ªá±¼ ´N¥u¯à¾aª÷Äݪº»ùȨӵû¶q¶Ü
¶T©öªº®Ú¥»¬O¥Hª«©öª«°Ú¡C
¥H«e¼Ú¬w¤H¸ò¥_«D¥Á±Ú©Ò¿×ªºµL¨¥¥æ©ö¡A´N¬O¥ý¦b®ü©¤ªþªñªºªÅ¦a¤WÂ\¤W¤@°ï³f«~¡A¯S§O¬OÆQ¡AµM«á¦^¨ì²î¤W¡C
·í¦a¥Á±Ú·|±qÁô±Kªº¦a¤è°½¬Ý¡A¦pªGı±o»ù½X¦X²z¡A´N¶X©]§â³f«~¦¬¨«¡AµM«áÂ\¤W¤@°ï±q¤º¦a«õ¥X¨Óªº¶Àª÷¡C
ª÷ÄÝ¥u¬O¦b¦è¤è¸òªF¤è³£¦@³qªº¦³»ùÈ¡AÁÙ¦³§@¬°¥æ©öªº´C¤¶¤ñ¸ûºÞ¥Î¡C¦b¸ó¬v¶T©öªº®É¥N¡A¸ò¹ï¶Qª÷ÄݨS¿³½ì¡B¨S¦³³f¹ô·§©Àªº±Ú¸s¥æ©ö¡A³£¬Oª½±µ¥Hª«©öª«¡C
¥un½Í±oÃl¡A¥Î¤p¬Á¼þ¯]¥æ´«¶H¤ú©Î¥£Áõ³£¬O¥i¥H¦¨¥ßªº¡C
¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð ¡u§Ú¤D¬O®Ú¾ÚÓ¤H¤@¦V¥õ¿àªº¬ã¨s¤èªk¦Ó±o¥Xµ²½×¡C§Úªº¤èªk´N¬O¡G¹DÅ¥³~»¡¥[¤WÂ_³¹¨ú¸q¡AµM«áÂk¯Ç±À²z¡A³Ì«á§Ñ±¼°T®§¨Ó·½¡A¶}©l±jµü¹Ü²z¡A°í«ù§Ú©Ò¨¥´N¬O¬J©w¨Æ¹ê¡C¡v ¥v¦Ò¯S¡D¨È·í´µ¡A¡m§b§B¯S¤§¶À¹«¯T·í¹D¡n
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Edited by - ·V¡D¤¤³¥ on 09/25/2011 21:19:10 |
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SOCOM
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Hong Kong
722 Posts |
Posted - 09/25/2011 : 21:18:39
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¤g¦Õ¨ä«Ò°ê
¼Ú¬w¤H±`§â®ü¤W¶T©ö©M°ê®aÅv¤Oªºµo®i¹º¤Wµ¥¸¹¡A¦ý¬O¡A¨ä¹ê¥u¦³¤j¦è¬vªu©¤ªº°ê®a¤~¯àʾa®ü¤W¶T©ö¨Óµo®i°ê¤O¡C³o¥]¬A¸²µå¤ú¡B¦è¯Z¤ú¡B²üÄõ¡B¤¦³Á¡B^°ê¡B¬ü°ê¡C
¦ý¬O¥H¤Uªº°ê®a¡A¤]µo®i¦¨¬°¤F¤j°ê¡A¬Æ¦Ü¬O«Ò°ê¡G¤g¦Õ¨ä¡B¶ø¦a§Q¡B«Xù´µ¡B¼w°ê¡C¦¹¥~¡AÁÙ¦³§ó¦h¥ø¹Ïª§¹ÜÅv¤Oªº¬FÅv¡A¥i¥H¦C¤J¦Ò¼{¡C¨Ò¦p¥ì´µº¿»ö¤@¥@(Ismail I)²ÎªvªºÂÄ«D¤ý´Â(Safavid dynasty)¡A¥¦©ºªA¤F¥ì©Ô§J©Mªi´µ¡C
¶ø¹Ï°Ò«Ò°ê(Ottoman Empire)ªº»â¤g¤@ª½¥H¤g¦Õ¨ä¬°¤¤¤ß¡C¦b16¥@¬ö¡A°£¤F¤g¦Õ¨ä¤§¥~¡AÁÙ¾Ö¦³®J¤Î¡B±Ô§Q¨È¡A©M«n¥b³¡ªº¤Úº¸·F¥b®q¡C«á¨Ó¡AÁÙ¤À§O¦V¥ì©Ô§J¡B¥_«D©M¾ãÓ¤Úº¸·F¥b®q¦ù®i¶}¥h(¨ä¹ê¬Ýºû°òªº¦a¹Ï¤ñ¸û²M·¡¡K¡K)
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«Å¶Ç(propaganda)¤â¬q«h½T«O¤F²Îªv¦a¦ì¡C¤g¦Õ¨ä¥»¨¬O¦^±Ð°ê®a¡Aªþªñ°Ï°ìªº¤H¤f¡A´X¥G³£¬O¦^±Ð®{¡C¤g¦Õ¨ä¤H¦û»â¤F¦^±Ð¸t«°³Á¥[(Mecca)¡B³Á¦a¨º(Medina)©MC¸ô¼»§N(Jerusalem)³o¨Ç¨ã«n¦^±Ð·N¸qªº«°¥«¡A¨Ï¤§±o¨ì¤F²Îªvªº¦Xªk¦a¦ì¡AéT¦aºû«ù¤F«Ò°êªºÅv«Â¡C
¬Û¹ï©ó¨ä¥L°ê®a¡A¶ø¹Ï°Ò«Ò°ê¯à°÷ºû«ùªº®É¶¡¸ûªø¡Aª½¨ì1922¦~¤~·À¤`¡C
¤£¹L¶ø¹Ï°Ò«Ò°êªºÂX±iÁÙ¬O¨ü¨ì¨î¡A¥¦µLªk§Q¥Î®üx¡A§â¶Õ¤O©µ¦ù¨ì¦L«×¬v¡C³o¨Ï±o¦è¼Ú®üÅv°ê®a¡A¯à°÷¬£§L³q¹L¦L«×¬v¡A¦VªF¨ÈÂX±i¶Õ¤O½d³ò¡C
¬Û¹ï©ó¦è¤è®üÅv°ê®a¡A«D¦è¤èªº°ê®a¡A¦p¶ø¹Ï°Ò«Ò°ê¡A¤ñ¸û¤£¶É¦V±N¶T©ö¬¡°Ê©Mx¨ÆÂX±i¦æ°Ê³sµ²¤@°_¡C³o¬O¦]¬°²Îªv¶¥¯Åªº¤å¤Æ¡A¬O¥H¤g¦a¬°°ò¦(land-based)¡A¨Ã·½©ó¹Cªª¥Á±Ú©Mx¤Hªº«ä¦Ò²ßºD¡C°Ê¾÷¤W¡AÁ¿¨DÓ¤H«Â±æ(prestige)©M©ÒÄݬӴªº«Â±æ¡A¥H¾d©T¦Û¨¦a¦ì¡C¦Ü©ó±q¨Æ¶T©öªº°Ó¤H¡A«h¦h¼ÆÄÝ©ó¨È¬ü¥§¨È¤H©MµS¤Ó¤Hµ¥¤Ö¼Æ¥Á±Ú¡C
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
You may not be interested in the dialectic, but the dialectic is interested in you.
~~~~~~Leon Trotsky
You may not be interested in troubles, but troubles are interested in you.
~~~~~~SOCOM |
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dasha
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41804 Posts |
Posted - 09/26/2011 : 11:56:55
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¦³¨Ç°ÝÃD¥i¯à¬O¬Ýªk¤£¦P,¤p§ÌÁöµM©Ó»{³o§@ªÌ¹ï¤¤°ê¤§Ãþ«D¼Ú¨t°ê®aªº¬Ýªk,¦ý¬Où°¨»P¤g¦Õ¨ä,³£¬O§Q¥Î®üÅv(¦a¤¤®ü)ºûô¨ä°ê®aªº¦s¦b,¨ä«Ò°êªºÂX±i«×,¤]¤j¤jªº¨ü¨ì¨ä¦a¤¤®ü®üxªº¼vÅT½d³ò¨î.ù°¨¥»¤g°¾¦è,¹ï¦è¼ÚªºÂX±i´N¤ñ¥»¤g°¾ªFªº¤g¦Õ¨än¤j,¤Ï¤§¥çµM,¤g¦Õ¨ä¹ï¨âªe¬y°ìªº±±¨î´N¤ñ¸û¨c¾a,¦ýÂù¤èªº¶Â®ü/·Rµ^®ü/¥_«D»â¤g,°ò¥»¤W¬O¾a®üx§ë®g§L¤O¶i¦æ±±¨î.¦Óù°¨»P¤g¦Õ¨ä¤]¬O¦]¬°ÂX±i¹L¤j,¤~·|¦b«á¨Ó¾D¨ì¤£Â_ªºx¨Æ¬D¾Ô. ¦Ü©ó»¡»X¥jªºªiª¬¶ix,°ò¥»¤W´Ü¹î»P¨Ì¨à¦½°êÁöµM¤À§O±±¨î¤F«Xù´µ»P¨âªe¬y°ì,¦ý¥L̤jx¥±`ªº¾n¦a,ÁÙ¬O¦bùØ®ü¶gÃä¯óì,¦³¥²n®É¤~§âx¶¤±a¨ì±±¨î½d³òªºÃä½t¶i¦æ«ÂÀ~.±q¼Ú¬wªº¨¤«×¨Ó¬Ý,³o´N¬O·´·À©Ê¶ix«áªº«á°h,µM«á¬O¤U¤@¦¸ªº·´·À©Ê¶ix...... |
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helldog
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4791 Posts |
Posted - 09/26/2011 : 14:18:17
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<<·¦|®É¥Nªº¾Ôª§>> ®ü¤W±jÅv¤À¬°®ü¬v¤j°ê»P®üx¤j°ê¨âºØ¡A«eªÌ¬O«ü¨Ì¾a®ü¬v±o¥H¥Í¦s¡A«áªÌ¬O¨Ì¾a®üx¨Ó´£¤É°ê®a¹ê¤O¡A¦b®ü¬v¤¤¨S¦³¹ê»Úªº§Q¯q¡C«eªÌ¥H^²ü¬°¥Nªí¡A«áªÌ¬O¥H«Xù´µ¡B¤@¾Ô¼w°ê¬°¥Nªí¡C·íµM³oÓ¥u¬O¤@ºØ²z½×¡A¤j³¡¥÷ªº°ê®a¤¶©ó³o¨âÓ·§©À¤§¶¡¡C¦b¦¹±j½Õªº¬O¡A¦pªG¦b®ü¬v¤¤¨S¦³¹ê»Úªº§Q¯q¡A®üx®e©ö²_¬°¡¨©ù¶Qªºª±¨ã¡¨¡C
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Edited by - helldog on 09/26/2011 14:20:56 |
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·V¡D¤¤³¥
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27929 Posts |
Posted - 09/27/2011 : 00:33:30
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quote: Originally posted by helldog
<<·¦|®É¥Nªº¾Ôª§>> ®ü¤W±jÅv¤À¬°®ü¬v¤j°ê»P®üx¤j°ê¨âºØ¡A«eªÌ¬O«ü¨Ì¾a®ü¬v±o¥H¥Í¦s¡A«áªÌ¬O¨Ì¾a®üx¨Ó´£¤É°ê®a¹ê¤O¡A¦b®ü¬v¤¤¨S¦³¹ê»Úªº§Q¯q¡C«eªÌ¥H^²ü¬°¥Nªí¡A«áªÌ¬O¥H«Xù´µ¡B¤@¾Ô¼w°ê¬°¥Nªí¡C·íµM³oÓ¥u¬O¤@ºØ²z½×¡A¤j³¡¥÷ªº°ê®a¤¶©ó³o¨âÓ·§©À¤§¶¡¡C¦b¦¹±j½Õªº¬O¡A¦pªG¦b®ü¬v¤¤¨S¦³¹ê»Úªº§Q¯q¡A®üx®e©ö²_¬°¡¨©ù¶Qªºª±¨ã¡¨¡C
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³oÂI¤]¬OªÅÅv¸ò³°Åv¡B®üÅv¤ñ°_¨Ó§ó®zªºì¦]¡C
¦]¬°n§Q¥ÎªÅ¤¤¹B¿é«Ü¶Q¡A¦Ó¥Ø«eªº§Þ³NÁÙ¨S¦³¤°»òÅý¤ÑªÅ¥»¨²£¥Í¸gÀÙ§Q¯qªº¦n¿ìªk¡C©Ò¥Hnºû«ù¤@¤ä¥i¥H«ùÄò±±¨îªÅÅvªºªÅx¡A¬O¤@ºØ¯{¿úªº¦æ¬°¦Ó¸gÀÙ¤Wªº¦^¦¬«Ü¤Ö¡C
¤Þ¥Ó¨ì³°¦a¤W¡A¨Ò¦p¨Fºz¥»¨«ÜÃø²£¥Í¸gÀÙ»ùÈ¡A°£«D«õ¨ì¥Ûªo¤°»òªº¡C¦Ü¦h¬O³q¹L¨Fºzªº°Ó®È¥i¥H²£¥Í¶T©ö§Q¯q¡A©Ò¥Hn¥Îx¨Æ¤O§¹¥þ´x±±¨Fºz¬Û·í§xÃø¡A¦]¬°¦b³oºØ¦a¤è¾ix¶¤¤£®e©ö¡C
¦ý²{¦b¥æ³q§Þ³N§ïµ½¦³¤FÅK¸ô¡AÅý¹B¿é¸û¬°®e©ö¡A©Ò¥H´x±±¨FºzªºªÅ¶¡¡A¦³²£¥Í§ó¦h¸gÀÙ§Q¯qªº¥i¯à¡A¦P®É¹B¿é¸ò¸Éµ¹x¶¤¤]¤ñ¥H©¹®e©ö¡A©Ò¥H²{¥Nn¦b¨Fºz¤¤¾ix¶¤®e©ö¤@¨Ç¡C
ÁöµM¹ï¤@³¡¤À¦³ÂI¶Ìªº¤H¨Ó»¡¡A»â¤g¦b¦a¹Ï¤W¬Ý°_¨Ó«Ü¤j«Ü¦n¬Ý¡A¦ý¥ú½×¸gÀÙ¸òx¨Æªº°ÝÃD¡A»â¤g¤£¬O¤j´N¦n¡A«ÂI¬On¯à¥Í¥X¿ú¨Ó¡A¦A¥Î³o¨Ç¿ú¨Ó¾ix¶¤¡C
¤ñ¦p«X°êÁöµM¦³¤F¦è§B§Q¨ÈÅK¸ô¥i¥H§ó§Ö¹B¿éx¶¤¨ìªF¤è¡A¦ý¥Ñ©ó«X°êªºªF³¡¸ò¦è³¡¤§¶¡¡A³z¹LÅK¸ô¶i¦æªº¹B¿é¶T©ö¤£µo¹F¡A©Ò¥H³o´NÅܦ¨³æ¯Â¬O¯{¿úA«Â·¦Ó¤w¡A¼µ¤£¤[¡C
²{¦b³oª¬ªp¤]¨S¤°»ò§ïµ½¡A«X°êªº»·ªF¦ÛªvÅé´X¥G³£±µªñ¦b¦Û¬¡¡Ax¶¤ªººû«ù¤]«Ü¨¯W¡C
¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð ¡u§Ú¤D¬O®Ú¾ÚÓ¤H¤@¦V¥õ¿àªº¬ã¨s¤èªk¦Ó±o¥Xµ²½×¡C§Úªº¤èªk´N¬O¡G¹DÅ¥³~»¡¥[¤WÂ_³¹¨ú¸q¡AµM«áÂk¯Ç±À²z¡A³Ì«á§Ñ±¼°T®§¨Ó·½¡A¶}©l±jµü¹Ü²z¡A°í«ù§Ú©Ò¨¥´N¬O¬J©w¨Æ¹ê¡C¡v ¥v¦Ò¯S¡D¨È·í´µ¡A¡m§b§B¯S¤§¶À¹«¯T·í¹D¡n
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Edited by - ·V¡D¤¤³¥ on 09/27/2011 00:38:36 |
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·V¡D¤¤³¥
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27929 Posts |
Posted - 09/27/2011 : 00:48:07
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Åý³oÓ¸ÜÃDªº¤ô¤À¦h¨Ç¡A©Ò¥H¦b³oÃäÁ¿ÂIÁq°Êªº¬Ý¯à¤£¯à³¨¥X¤@¨Ç¤H¨Ó¡C
«ö§Ú³o®M²z½×¡A¤¤°êªº«CÂÃÅK¸ô©TµMÅýxĵ¥i¥H§ó§Ö§ó¶¶ªº¹B¿é¨ì¦èÂÃ¥h¡A¦ý¦]¬°¦èÂÃ¥»¨¬O¤@Ó¸gÀÙ¤Wªº²×ÂI¡A«õ¤£¥X¸òºØ¤£¥X¤°»ò¦nªF¦è¨Ó¡A´Nºân¶T©ö¤]¦]¬°¦èÂóq¤£¨ì¨ä¥Lªº¦a¤è©Ò¥H¤]¤£¯à·í°µ¤¤Ä~¯¸¡C
©Ò¥H¥Îx¨Æºû«ù¦èÂáAªø»·¨Ó¬Ý¡Aºû«ù¶O¬O³æ¤è±ªº¦b®ø¯Ó¦Ó«ÜÃø¦^¦¬¡C°ê¨¾¤Wªº«Ì»Ù¤°»òªº¤ª¤ª¡A³oºØ¸Ü¥i¥HÁ¿ªº«Ü¦³¤O«Ü¦nÅ¥¡C¦ý´N¥@¬É¦U°ê¥v¨Ó¬Ý¡A³oºØ³h½CªºÃä¬É»â¦a¦]¬°¥Í¬¡¤ô·Ç¤@©w¤ñ°ê®a¤¤¤ß¦a±a§C¸¨«Ü¦h¡A¤@¥¹°ê®a¸gÀÙ¥X²{°ÝÃD¡A¤¤¤ß°Ï°ìªº¦í¥Á®É±`·|¤£º¡¥LÌn¥Î¤jµ§µ|ª÷¸É¶K³h½a°Ï°ìªº¦í¥Á¡AµM«á¾x¤Àµõ¡C
·íµM³o¸ò±Ú¸s·NÃÑÁÙ¬O¦³ÂIÃö«Y¡A¤¤°ê¦³¤Ñ´Â¤W°êªº«ä·Q¡A¬I®¦µ¹¶gÃä½a°êA¦Ñ¤j¬O¦Û¥j¥H¨Óªº¶Ç²Î¡A¦b¨ä¥L¿W¥ß·NÃѸû±jªº¦a¤è¡A´N¬O¾x¤Àµõ¤F¡C¦b«n´µ©Ô¤Ò¸ò«n¬ü¬w³£¦³Ãþ¦üªºª¬ªp¡C
¦Ó³h½a°Ï°ìªº©~¥Á¦b¥Í¬¡§ó¥[§x¹y¤§«á¡A«h¬O®É±`®³°_ªZ¾¹§ð³´´IÄǪº¤¤¤ß°Ï°ì·m¿ú¡C¦]¬°x¶O³QÁY´îªº³h½aÃä¬É¾nx¡A«h®É±`¤£¥u¬OÀ°Ãä¬É©~¥Á¤@§â¬Æ¦Ü®Ú¥»´N¬O¥D¾ÉªÌ¡C
ù°¨¦b¤£¦CÄA®qªº¶i°h¤]¬O¤@ӫܦnªº®×¨Ò¡CÁöµMù°¨§ð¦û¤F³¡¤Àªº¤£¦CÄA¡A¦ý¥Ñ©ó¦¨¥»¤Ó°ª¡A´Nºâ¬O»·©º¨gªºÃ¹°¨¤H¤]µLªk¦A±À¶i¦ÓÂର¦u¶Õ¡A³Ì«á¦]¬°¤£¦CÅq¹ê¦b³æ¯Â¥u¬Oªá¿ú¾nx¦Ó¨S¦³¤°»ò¥i¥H¦^¦¬ªº¡A³Ì«á´NºM°h¤F¡C
¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð ¡u§Ú¤D¬O®Ú¾ÚÓ¤H¤@¦V¥õ¿àªº¬ã¨s¤èªk¦Ó±o¥Xµ²½×¡C§Úªº¤èªk´N¬O¡G¹DÅ¥³~»¡¥[¤WÂ_³¹¨ú¸q¡AµM«áÂk¯Ç±À²z¡A³Ì«á§Ñ±¼°T®§¨Ó·½¡A¶}©l±jµü¹Ü²z¡A°í«ù§Ú©Ò¨¥´N¬O¬J©w¨Æ¹ê¡C¡v ¥v¦Ò¯S¡D¨È·í´µ¡A¡m§b§B¯S¤§¶À¹«¯T·í¹D¡n
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Edited by - ·V¡D¤¤³¥ on 09/27/2011 00:57:20 |
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BlueWhaleMoon
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13032 Posts |
Posted - 09/27/2011 : 00:56:30
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¦ý¬O²{¥Nªº¸ê·½»Ý¨D, ¤SÅý³oÓ¬G¨Æ§ó¬°½ÆÂø, ¥Î¤W±ªº²z½×¨Ó¬Ý, «X°ê©ñ±óªü©Ô´µ¥[¬O©ú´¼¤§Á|, ¦ý¬O¹ê»Ú¤W.... |
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·V¡D¤¤³¥
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27929 Posts |
Posted - 09/27/2011 : 00:58:33
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quote: Originally posted by BlueWhaleMoon
¦ý¬O²{¥Nªº¸ê·½»Ý¨D, ¤SÅý³oÓ¬G¨Æ§ó¬°½ÆÂø, ¥Î¤W±ªº²z½×¨Ó¬Ý, «X°ê©ñ±óªü©Ô´µ¥[¬O©ú´¼¤§Á|, ¦ý¬O¹ê»Ú¤W....
¨º¬O¥Ûªoªº°ÝÃD¡C
¨S¦³¥Ûªo§O»¡ªü©Ô´µ¥[¡A¾ãÓ¨F¯Q¦aªü©Ô§Bþ¨Ó³o»ò¦h¿ú¡H
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¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð ¡u§Ú¤D¬O®Ú¾ÚÓ¤H¤@¦V¥õ¿àªº¬ã¨s¤èªk¦Ó±o¥Xµ²½×¡C§Úªº¤èªk´N¬O¡G¹DÅ¥³~»¡¥[¤WÂ_³¹¨ú¸q¡AµM«áÂk¯Ç±À²z¡A³Ì«á§Ñ±¼°T®§¨Ó·½¡A¶}©l±jµü¹Ü²z¡A°í«ù§Ú©Ò¨¥´N¬O¬J©w¨Æ¹ê¡C¡v ¥v¦Ò¯S¡D¨È·í´µ¡A¡m§b§B¯S¤§¶À¹«¯T·í¹D¡n
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Edited by - ·V¡D¤¤³¥ on 09/27/2011 00:59:57 |
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·V¡D¤¤³¥
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27929 Posts |
Posted - 09/27/2011 : 07:57:46
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n¥Î¤Ö¶qªºx¨Æ¤O¶q´x±±Ãe¤jªºªÅ¶¡¬O«D±`§xÃøªº¡A´Nºâ¥æ³q§Þ³N¦³©Ò¶i¨B¡AÅý³¡¶¤Â÷¶mI¤«¯h©ó©b©Rªº»·©º¡A¦¨¥»¤@©w¬O«D±`°ª¡Ax¶¤ªº¤h®ð¤]·|¦³©Ò¤U°ªº¡C
¬O¬G¡A±Á{¦b¼s¤jªÅ¶¡¤¤¤£Â_ÂO¥Íªº¤p³W¼Ò«q¶Ã¡A¤]´N¬O²{¦b»¡ªº´åÀ»¾Ô¡B®£©Æ¬¡°Ê¤@Ãþ¡A´Nºâ¥æ³q§Þ³N¦A«ç»ò¶i¨B¡A¨Ó¦^ªº¨Ï¥Î°ª¾÷°Ê¤Oªº§Ö³t¤ÏÀ³³¡¶¤¡A¤]¬O¤£Y¦b«q¶Ãµo¥Í¦a´N¦aÃB¥~¾nx¡A¦A¥[¥H¸Éµ¹·|¨Ó±o»´ÃP¤@¨Ç¡C
¦ý·Q¾nx´N·|±Á{©Û¶Ò§L¤O¨Ó·½¸òºû«ù¶O¥ÎªºÃB¥~¦¨¥»¡A³o¤]¬O¾ú¥v¤W«Ü¦h°ê®a®ü¥~»·©ºx©ÎÃä¹Ò¾nx¡A³Ì«á³£±Ä¥Î·í¦aªº³h½aÃä¹Ò¥Á±Ú·í§Lûªº½t¬G¢w¢w¥t¥~¤]¸ò§Ú±`Á¿ªºª«¬yµo¹F¤§«á°ê®a¤¤¤ß¦a°Ïªº©~¥Á©¹©¹¦]¬°¸gÀÙµo¹F¦Ó»G¤Æ¡A·Q±q¤¤¶Ò§L¬J§xÃø¤S©¹©¹«Ü¼o¡C
¤@³¡¤À°ê®a·|µy·LÁo©ú¤@¨Ç¡A©Û¶Ò¥t¥~¤@³Bªº¥Á±Ú¨Ó¥æ¤e¾n¦u¤£¦Pªºx°Ï¡A¥H¨D¨¾¤îx¶¤¸ò·í¦a¦í¥Á¦P¤Æ«q¶Ã¡CÄY®æ¨Ó»¡¦³®Ä¡A¦ý¦³¡C
«ÂI¬OÃä¹Ò¾nxªº«Ý¹J©¹©¹¸ò°ê®aªº¤¤¥¡¦a°Ï¬Û¤ñ«Ü®t¡A¤@¥¹°±¯d¤[¤F¡A·í¤¤¥¡A²Âªº®ÉÔ¡AÃä¹Ò¾nx«ü´§©x±N¤jx±qÃä¹Ò¶}¦^¤¤¥¡¥¶Ã¬O±`¦³ªº²{¶H¡C
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27929 Posts |
Posted - 09/27/2011 : 08:15:29
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¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð ¡u§Ú¤D¬O®Ú¾ÚÓ¤H¤@¦V¥õ¿àªº¬ã¨s¤èªk¦Ó±o¥Xµ²½×¡C§Úªº¤èªk´N¬O¡G¹DÅ¥³~»¡¥[¤WÂ_³¹¨ú¸q¡AµM«áÂk¯Ç±À²z¡A³Ì«á§Ñ±¼°T®§¨Ó·½¡A¶}©l±jµü¹Ü²z¡A°í«ù§Ú©Ò¨¥´N¬O¬J©w¨Æ¹ê¡C¡v ¥v¦Ò¯S¡D¨È·í´µ¡A¡m§b§B¯S¤§¶À¹«¯T·í¹D¡n
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Edited by - ·V¡D¤¤³¥ on 09/27/2011 08:24:59 |
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·V¡D¤¤³¥
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27929 Posts |
Posted - 09/27/2011 : 09:02:34
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¦^¹LÀY±q°Ó·~¥ß°êªº¤p°êÆ[ÂI¨Ó¬Ýªº¸Ü¡An©è§Ü¾Ô°«¥Á±Ú²Îªvªº¾Ô°«°ê®aªº¿n·¥x¨Æ«I²¤¬O«D±`§xÃøªº¡C
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¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð ¡u§Ú¤D¬O®Ú¾ÚÓ¤H¤@¦V¥õ¿àªº¬ã¨s¤èªk¦Ó±o¥Xµ²½×¡C§Úªº¤èªk´N¬O¡G¹DÅ¥³~»¡¥[¤WÂ_³¹¨ú¸q¡AµM«áÂk¯Ç±À²z¡A³Ì«á§Ñ±¼°T®§¨Ó·½¡A¶}©l±jµü¹Ü²z¡A°í«ù§Ú©Ò¨¥´N¬O¬J©w¨Æ¹ê¡C¡v ¥v¦Ò¯S¡D¨È·í´µ¡A¡m§b§B¯S¤§¶À¹«¯T·í¹D¡n
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Edited by - ·V¡D¤¤³¥ on 09/27/2011 09:17:00 |
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dasha
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41804 Posts |
Posted - 09/27/2011 : 10:04:12
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quote: Originally posted by ·V¡D¤¤³¥
quote: Originally posted by helldog
<<·¦|®É¥Nªº¾Ôª§>> ®ü¤W±jÅv¤À¬°®ü¬v¤j°ê»P®üx¤j°ê¨âºØ¡A«eªÌ¬O«ü¨Ì¾a®ü¬v±o¥H¥Í¦s¡A«áªÌ¬O¨Ì¾a®üx¨Ó´£¤É°ê®a¹ê¤O¡A¦b®ü¬v¤¤¨S¦³¹ê»Úªº§Q¯q¡C«eªÌ¥H^²ü¬°¥Nªí¡A«áªÌ¬O¥H«Xù´µ¡B¤@¾Ô¼w°ê¬°¥Nªí¡C·íµM³oÓ¥u¬O¤@ºØ²z½×¡A¤j³¡¥÷ªº°ê®a¤¶©ó³o¨âÓ·§©À¤§¶¡¡C¦b¦¹±j½Õªº¬O¡A¦pªG¦b®ü¬v¤¤¨S¦³¹ê»Úªº§Q¯q¡A®üx®e©ö²_¬°¡¨©ù¶Qªºª±¨ã¡¨¡C
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¤Þ¥Ó¨ì³°¤W¸òªÅ¤¤¨ä¹ê¤]¦æ±o³q¡C»â¤g¦A¤j¡A¤£¯à²£¥Í¸gÀÙ§Q¯q´N¬O¤@¤ù¯î³¥¡Cx¶¤¥i¥H³q¹L¯î³¥¡A¦ý¥¼¶}µoªº¯î³¥¤£¯à²£¥Í¸gÀÙ§Q¯q¨Ó¾ix¶¤¡C¥»¨¤£¯à²£¥Í§Q¯qªº»â¦aªÅ¶¡¡A´Nn³z¹L¹B¿é¶T©ö¨Ó²£¥Í§Q¯q¡C¦ý¤@Ó¤£¯à³q¨ì¥ô¦ó¦a¤è¤]«õ¤£¥XªF¦èºØ¤£¥XªF¦èªº¯î³¥¬O¯uªº¨S¤°»ò¥Î¡A³»¦h§@¬°x¨Æ¤Wªº¤@ºØ¹jµ´«Ì»Ù¡C
¦b¥j¥N¨ä¹êÁÙ¦³¤@ºØ½d¨Ò,¶k¹Ï°Ò¤g¦Õ¨ä«Ò°ê¦b¬Y¬q®É¶¡¤º´N¬O³o¼Ë,¥Ñ¤g¦Õ¨ä¤H´£¨Ñ³W¹º,¥Ļ쪺°ò·þ±Ð¤p«Ä´£¨Ñx¨Æ«OÅ@,µM«áÅý¦Û¤v¹Ò¤ºªº¨©§ù¦]¤HµS¤Ó¤H¤§Ãþ¥æ©öºØ±Ú,©Î¬O¥~±ªÖ¦X§@ªº«Â¥§´µ¤§Ãþ¥æ©ö°ê®a,¥i¥H¦b«Ò°ê±±¨î½d³ò¤º¦w¥þªº¶i¦æ°Ó®È.¤g¦Õ¨ä¤H±±¨î®ü¬v,«o¬O´À¨ä¥LºØ±Ú³Ð³y§Q¯q,ºc¦¨¤@Óéwªº¦hºØ±Ú«Ò°ê. ¥u¬O,³oºØ²Õ¦Xªº¤£Ã©w©Ê¤Ó¤j,©Ò¥H«á¨Ó´N±Y¼ì¤F...... |
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·V¡D¤¤³¥
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27929 Posts |
Posted - 09/27/2011 : 12:22:29
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»¡¨ì¶k¹Ï°Ò¤g¦Õ¨äªºÅQÅv§Î¦¡¡A¶k¹Ï°Ò¤g¦Õ¨ä©³¤Uªº¥_«D¡B®J¤ÎÁÙ¦³ªü©Ô§B¥b®q¡A¬O¤¤¤å¬É¸û¤£¼ô±x¦ý¨ä¹ê¦³«Ü¦h±ðªº¦a¤è¡C
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«ÈÆ[¨Ó¬Ý¡A»P¨ä»¡¬O¤¤¥¡¶°Åvªº«Ò°ê¡Aˤñ¸û±µªñ¦W¸q¤W²Î¤@ªº«Ê«Ø©Î¬Oªi´µ«Ò°ê¨ºÃþªº§Î¦¡¡A¤¤¥¡ªº±±¨î¤O¤£«ç»ò±j¡A¥´¥Mn»·©ºªº®ÉÔ¤]³£¬OÁ{®É°Êû¦U¦a¤è»â¥D´£¨Ñªº¾Ô¤O¡C
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¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð ¡u§Ú¤D¬O®Ú¾ÚÓ¤H¤@¦V¥õ¿àªº¬ã¨s¤èªk¦Ó±o¥Xµ²½×¡C§Úªº¤èªk´N¬O¡G¹DÅ¥³~»¡¥[¤WÂ_³¹¨ú¸q¡AµM«áÂk¯Ç±À²z¡A³Ì«á§Ñ±¼°T®§¨Ó·½¡A¶}©l±jµü¹Ü²z¡A°í«ù§Ú©Ò¨¥´N¬O¬J©w¨Æ¹ê¡C¡v ¥v¦Ò¯S¡D¨È·í´µ¡A¡m§b§B¯S¤§¶À¹«¯T·í¹D¡n
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Edited by - ·V¡D¤¤³¥ on 09/27/2011 12:27:47 |
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dasha
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41804 Posts |
Posted - 09/27/2011 : 14:53:37
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quote: Originally posted by ·V¡D¤¤³¥
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¨ä¹ê±q¨î«×±¨Ó»¡,16¥@¬ö¶}©l»P18¥@¬öµ²§ô®Éªº¶k¹Ï°ÒÁÙ¬O®t¤£¦h,³£¬O¥H¤Ö¶qºë¾U¤¤¥¡x·f°t¤j¶q·í¦a³¡¶¤¤@°_¥´,·í®Éªºªi´µ¤]¬O³o¼Ë¤l,¦]¬°Âù¤èªº®Ú,³£¬O¦b¤p¨È²Ó¨È¨ì¸Ì®ü¤§¶¡,¥Á±Ú²ßºD¤@Ó¼Ë...... ¦ý¬O,16¥@¬ö¶k¹Ï°Òªº¤¤¥¡x¥i¥H¨ì³B½Õ°Ê,¾Ô°«¤O±j¤j,ÁÙ¦³¨ä¥L¸gÀÙ¤â¬q¥i¥Hºûô²Îªv.18¥@¬öªº¸Ü,¤@¶}©l¦b§g¤h©Z¤B³ù¤j·d¬FÅÜ,±q¦¹¤¤¥¡x´N¤£¯à¨ì³B¬£»º,¦Ó¬O¬Fª§ªº¤@Àô;±µµÛ¶Â®ü¥_©¤ªº³à¥¢,¥»¨Ó©è¾×«Xù´µ¥un§â³¡¶¤±qº³£²¾¨ì¶Â®ü¥_©¤¤@¨âÓÝn¶ëªº´ä¥«´N¦n,¤£¥Î¤j¶q¾nx,²{¦bÅܦ¨Ã¹°¨¥§¨È°ª¥[¯Á¤s°Ï»P¶Â®üªu©¤¨ì³B³£n«ùÄò¾nx,³o´N§ó¤ÀÁ¡¤F¤¤¥¡xªº¤O¶q......¥[¤W¦è¤è¸gÀÙ«¤ßÂಾ¨ì¤j¦è¬v,¶k¹Ï°Ò¹ï¦a¤èªºx¨Æ»P¸gÀÙ±±¨î¤O¦P®É¤j´T´î®z...... |
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su37
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Taiwan
1337 Posts |
Posted - 09/28/2011 : 13:58:21
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quote: Originally posted by ·V¡D¤¤³¥
±U°_¨³³t¦ý«Üµu©RªºÅQÅv¤j³¡¤À³£¬O³o¤@ºØªº¡C¥L̳q±`·|¸ò´µ¤Ú¹F¤H¤@¼Ë«Ü±R«ô¯Âºéªº¦Ù¦×¸òÁͦVºë¯«¥D¸q¡A¥´¥Mªº®Éԫܱj½Õºë¯«¾Ô¤O¡C¦Ó¤£¬O¦p«e±¨ººØ§B®æ¤H¤@¼Ë±R©|ª«½è¥D¸q¸ò¨Ï¥Î°ª«×¾÷±ñ¤Æªº¾Ô³N¡C
¦pªG¥ḺaµÛ¤j¶q§A¨S¨£¹Lªº¾÷±ñ¸ò¬Ý¦ü«D±`¼Z¸¨ªº¦b¾Ô¦aªw¾þ¡BÅ¥¦¬µ¾÷¡B¥´XBOX360¨Ã¥B¦b³Ü°s¡A§A´Nn¤p¤ß¤F¡C
³o¤£¬O»¡«H¥õºë¯«¥D¸qªº¾Ô°«¥Á±Úªºx¶¤¤£·|¥´Ä¹¡A¥LÌÁÙ¬O«Ü±jªº¡A¥u¬O¥LÌ¥´Ä¹¤§«á¦b°ê®a«Ø³]¤W³£«ÜÁV¡C³oÂI¹ï©ó§A¦Û¤v©ÒÄݪº¤Ï§Ü¶Õ¤O¥»¨¨Ó»¡¤]¬O¤@¼Ëªº¡C
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·V¡D¤¤³¥
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27929 Posts |
Posted - 09/28/2011 : 18:57:31
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quote: Originally posted by su37 ¬°¤°»ò³o¬q¸Ü§Ú¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³¬O¦bÁ¿¬üx?
¤@¥b¬OÁ¿¬üx¡A¥t¤@¥b³æ¯Â¬OÁ¿Ã¹°¨¡Aù°¨§Lªº³¥¾ÔÀç¦a¥H¨ºÓ¦~ÀY¨Ó»¡«Ü°ø¨×¡C
¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð ¡u§Ú¤D¬O®Ú¾ÚÓ¤H¤@¦V¥õ¿àªº¬ã¨s¤èªk¦Ó±o¥Xµ²½×¡C§Úªº¤èªk´N¬O¡G¹DÅ¥³~»¡¥[¤WÂ_³¹¨ú¸q¡AµM«áÂk¯Ç±À²z¡A³Ì«á§Ñ±¼°T®§¨Ó·½¡A¶}©l±jµü¹Ü²z¡A°í«ù§Ú©Ò¨¥´N¬O¬J©w¨Æ¹ê¡C¡v ¥v¦Ò¯S¡D¨È·í´µ¡A¡m§b§B¯S¤§¶À¹«¯T·í¹D¡n
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·V¡D¤¤³¥
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27929 Posts |
Posted - 09/30/2011 : 03:52:42
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¦³¤H¦íªº¦a°Ï¯A¤Î»{¦P·NÃѪº°ÝÃD¤ñ¸û³Â·Ð¡A¦ý¤@¯ëµL¤H©Î¤H¼Æ¬Æ¤Öªºªº»â¤g©Î»â®ü°ÝÃD¡A³Ì²×ÁÙ¬On¬ÝÀò±o³oÓ¦a°Ï¨ì©³¦³¦h¤Ö¦n³B¡A¤~¯à¨M©w¦³¨S¦³¦û»âªº»ùÈ¡C
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¶°Åé±Ú¸s·P±¡ªº¬n¤C§á¤K¾÷¾÷¬n¬nªº¦UºØ°ÝÃD¡A¦³®ÉÔ·|©µÄò¼Æ¦Ê¦~«ÜÃø·dªº¡C
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·íµM»â¤g»â®üªÈ¯É³oÁÙ¯A¤Î°ê®a¤º³¡ªº¬Fªv°«ª§¸ò¬ÛÃö¾·~±q·~ªÌªº¥Íp°ÝÃD¡A¤£¬O»¡·Q¤Á±¼´N¤Á±¼³o»ò²³æ¡C¦ý§Ú¬O»{¬°¹ï©ó¥Hºû«ùª«¬yºZ³q¬°«ªº°Ó·~°ê®a¨Ó»¡¡Aéwªº¾F°êÃö«Y¤ñµL¤H°Ï°ìªº»â¤g»â®ü§ó«n¡C
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¤ñ¦p¥_§ºªº¿P¶³¤Q¤»¦{ÁÙ¦³·³¹ô°ÝÃD¡A¦b¤G¤Q¥@¬öªº°ê¾Ç¬ã¨s¤¤³Q¥Á±Ú¥D¸qı¿ôªº¾ÇªÌ½|ªº«ÜºG¡A¦ýªñ¦~ªº¬ã¨s¤¤Åã¥Ü¥X¥_§º³z¹L¥_¤è¶T©ö¨ú±oªº¸gÀÙ§Q¼í¬Û·í¥iÆ[¡AÅý·³¹ôªºÃB«×Åܪº¥u¬O¤E¤û¤@¤ò¡C
ÁöµM³Ì²×¥_§º°ê¨¾¤£®¶¾D¨ìx¨Æ¤J«I¡A¦ýªì´Áªº¿G²W¤§·ù¬O¤@Ó¦¨¥\ªº©M¥¨ó©w¡A«á¨Ó¤]ÃÒ¹êÅý¥_§ºÀò±o¤F¤j§â¤j§âªº»È¤l¡C
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¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð ¡u§Ú¤D¬O®Ú¾ÚÓ¤H¤@¦V¥õ¿àªº¬ã¨s¤èªk¦Ó±o¥Xµ²½×¡C§Úªº¤èªk´N¬O¡G¹DÅ¥³~»¡¥[¤WÂ_³¹¨ú¸q¡AµM«áÂk¯Ç±À²z¡A³Ì«á§Ñ±¼°T®§¨Ó·½¡A¶}©l±jµü¹Ü²z¡A°í«ù§Ú©Ò¨¥´N¬O¬J©w¨Æ¹ê¡C¡v ¥v¦Ò¯S¡D¨È·í´µ¡A¡m§b§B¯S¤§¶À¹«¯T·í¹D¡n
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Edited by - ·V¡D¤¤³¥ on 09/30/2011 04:25:52 |
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SOCOM
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Hong Kong
722 Posts |
Posted - 10/01/2011 : 10:37:39
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²Ä3³¹ 17¥@¬öªº¦M¾÷ 1590-1680
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17¥@¬ö¡A¨ä¹ê«Ü¦h¤j°ê³£¾D¨ü¨ìÄY«ªº¦M¾÷¡A¦³Ãö°ê®a¥]¬A»X¤a¨à«Ò°ê(Mughal)¡BMuscovite(²ö´µ¬ì¤j¤½°ê¡H)¡B¤¤°ê¡B¶ø¹Ï°Ò«Ò°ê¡Bªi´µ¡B¦è¯Z¤ú¡B^°ê¡C
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1578-1590¦~¶¡¡A¶ø¹Ï°Ò»Pªi´µ¨âÓ¦^±Ð°ê®a¡Aµo¥Íªø´Á¾Ôª§¡C±µµÛ¡A¦b1645-1669¤J«I§J¨½¯S(Crete)¡B1663-1664¦~¤Î1683¦~¤J«I¶ø¦a§Q¡B1671-1676§ð¥´ªiÄõ¡B1677-1681§ðÀ»«Xù´µ¡C
¶ø¹Ï°Ò¤@ª½®i¥Ü¥X¨ä¬¡¤O¡A¥i¨£¨ä¦b¤@©w½d³òªº¦a°Ï¤º¡A¦û¦³¤@©wªºÅv¤O¡A¯à°÷ªý¾×¥~¨Ó¶Õ¤O¡C
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ªý¼¸¦è¼ÚÂX±i¶Õ¤Oªº¦æ°Ê¡AÁÙ¤£¥uªí²{¦b¨âxª½±µ¥æ¾Ô¤§¤W¡C°£¤F¦^±Ð®{ªº·|§@¥X¤Ï§Ü¤§¥~¡A¤é¥»¤H¤]¨Ï¥Î¼É¤O¨Ó¦^À³°ò·þ±Ð©M°ê»Ú¥D¸qªº¶Ç¤J¡C¦b「®q줧¶Ã」(Shimabara Rebellion)¤§«á¡A¥ç§Y¹õ©²»P¤é¥»°ò·þ±Ð®{²Õ¦¨ªº¤Ï§Üx(Âù¤è¬Ò¬°¤é¥»¤H)¥æ¾Ô¤§«á¡A¦è¤èªº¶Ç±Ð¤h»P°Ó¤H³Q±o³Óªº¹õ©²ÅX³v©Î©t¥ß¡C
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¦P®É¶¡¡A¦a¤¤®üªºªÀ·|§Î¶ÕÁöµM¤£¦Ü©ó°ÊÀú¡A¦ýªÀ·|¤W¦UºØ¤Àª[¡A¥]¬AºØ±Ú¤W©M©v±Ð¤Wªº¤Àª[¡A¨Ï¦è¯Z¤ú¸û¤£®e©ö¹B¥Î¨ä¦b¸Ó°Ï즳ªº¼vÅT¤O¡A±N¤H¤O©M¸ê·½§ë¤J¨ì´Þ¥Á¦aª§¹Ü¤¤¡C
¨ä¹ê¡A¥Hªø´Á¨Ó»¡¡A·í®Éªº¼Ú¬w¥¿³B©óªÀ·|©Ê½èªº°I°h¡C®ðÔ´c¤Æ(Climate deterioration)¡B¸gÀÙ»P¤H¤f´î¤Ö¡B°]¬F¦M¾÷¡BªÀ·|°ÝÃD¡B¬FªvÅv¤O½Ä¬ð¡A§xÂZ¾ãÓ¼Ú¬w¡C«Ü¦h®É¡Aµo¥Í´Þ¥Á¦aª§¹Ü¥¢§Q¡A¬O·½©ó¥»¨µL¤O©Î¤£Ä@§ë¤J¸ê·½¶i¦æª§¹Ü¡A¦h©ó¥~©º®ø¯Ó¹L«×©ì«±°ê®a°]¬F¡C
¤£¹L¡A«á¨Óªº¬ì¾Ç²©R¡A§ïÅܼڬw¤Hªº«ä·Q©M³B¨Æ¤è¦¡¡C³o¤£¦ý±a¨Ó¬ì§Þ©MªÀ·|¶i¨B¡A§ó¨Ï¼Ú¬w¤Hªº¯è®ü©Mø»s¦a¹Ï§Þ³N¡A¶W¶V¤¤°ê©M¦^±Ð¥@¬É¡C¼Ú¬w¤H¦Û¦¹±o¨ì»·©ºªº¬¡¤O¡C
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You may not be interested in the dialectic, but the dialectic is interested in you.
~~~~~~Leon Trotsky
You may not be interested in troubles, but troubles are interested in you.
~~~~~~SOCOM |
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dasha
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41804 Posts |
Posted - 10/02/2011 : 19:34:17
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¿P¶³¤Q¤»¦{(ªñ¦~¨Ó¥Î"«Õ¶³¤Q¤»¦{"ªº§ó¦h)ªº¦û¦³,°ò¥»¤W¬O¾Ô³N°ÝÃD.·í®É¿ñ¦è¨«´YÁÙ¦b®ü©³,¤¤ì³s±µªF¥_,¤j¹D´N¬O®ü¸ô,©Î¬O±q¤Ó쩹¥_¨«¹î«¢º¸»P¼öªe,¦ý¿P¤s¤s¯ßÁÙ¦³¦n´X±ø¤ñ¸û¤pªº°Ó¹D,¤£ºÞ½Ö¦û¦³¥ô¦ó¤@°¼,³£¥i¥H§Q¥Î²³æªº«õ³´¨À·´±¼³oºØ´Ì¹D,Åý¼Ä¤HµLªk¶ix,¥u¦³¦P®É¦û¦³¤s¯ß¨â°¼ªº«°¦À,¤~¯à½T«O³oºØ¹D¸ôªº³qºZ¦æx(¤S¬O¾Ôª§½×ªº²z½×).¥¢¥h³o¨Ç«°,¿ñx±q¼öªe¥Xµo,¥i¥H¿ï¾Üªe¥_»P¤s¦è¨â±ø¸ô½uªº¥ô¤@±ø¶ix,¦Ó§ºx±qªe«n¥XÀ»,¶¶ªe¤Jªe¥_»P°fªe¤W¤s¦è«o¬O¤£¦P¹D¸ô,ºA¶Õ¤W¿ñx¤ñ¸û¹³¬O¦b¤º½u. §ó¤£§Qªº,´N¬O¦w¥v¤§¶Ã¥H¨Ó,¤s¦è»P¤¤ì´N¬O¹ï¥ßªº,¤¥Nªºð®Êº~©P³£¬O¤Óì°_§L¶i§ð¤¤ì,§º¥N¦]¦¹µ´¤£·|¦b¥®É±j¤Æ¤Óì¾nx,¥H§K¥LÌÁÙ¨S§Ü¿ñ´N¥ý¤Ï§º,¨ºµ¥¨ì¾Ô®É,´N¬O³Ò®v°Ê²³...... ¦Ü©ó»¡17¥@¬ö,¨ä¹ê¤g¦Õ¨ä»Pªi´µªº¦M¾÷Ãzµo¬O¦b17~18¥@¬ö¤§¥æ,¤g¦Õ¨ä¬O¥Hº³£¬°º¤Ü´X¦~ªº¤º¾Ô/·Ç¤º¾Ô,ªi´µ«h¬O·À©óªü´I¦½;¤¤°ê«Xù´µ»P^°ê«h¬O§ï´Â´«¥N,«Xù´µ¨º´X¤Q¦~ªº¤º¾Ô¤×¨äÄY«,³Q§J¨½¦Ì¨È¦½°êª½±µ¥´¤Jº³£;»X¤a¨àªº¦M¾÷¬O¦b17¥@¬ö«á¥b,n®ø°£ºØ©Ê¨î«×,±a¨Ó¥¨¤jªº«q¶Ã. |
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